除草剂对花生生理特性的影响

The Influence of Herbicides on Physiological Properties of Peanut

研究常用除草剂对花生生理特性的影响,以期为花生科学除草和安全生产提供理论依据。采用室内生物测定结合盆栽试验方法,研究丁草胺和草甘膦异丙胺盐对花生乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,使用2种除草剂不同浓度处理花生植株后20 d内,3种酶活性和丙二醛含量均出现先升高后降低的变化规律,与对照一致,低浓度处理对ALS活性基本没有影响。2种除草剂浓度4和5处理后10 d内ALS活性都显著高于对照(P<0.05),处理后15 d丁草胺ALS活性为444.52、440.48 U/L,草甘膦异丙胺盐为449.38、459.92 U/L,且显著低于对照(534.73 U/L);丁草胺浓度5处理对花生CAT影响较大,处理后15 d为48.01 U/L,显著低于对照(51.24 U/L);草甘膦异丙胺盐浓度5在处理20 d内CAT活性显著高于对照;丁草胺处理花生植株后,浓度4和5的POD活性先显著低于对照,随后逐渐升高,处理后15 d和20 d都显著高于对照,草甘膦异丙胺盐处理后15 d,所有浓度处理POD活性都升高,达到20 d内最大值,分别为255.57、253.81、245.02、269.63、265.76 U/L,且显著高于对照(237.77 U/L);丁草胺处理花生后MDA含量20 d内均高于对照,且与浓度呈正相关;草甘膦异丙胺盐处理后MDA含量呈波动性变化,10 d时MDA含量均达最大值,随后下降至对照水平或显著低于对照。研究表明2种除草剂对花生植株生理特性都有一定影响,与浓度呈正相关,高浓度处理对花生的生长有胁迫作用。

The effects of common herbicides on the physiological properties of peanut plants were studied to provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of herbicide and safe production.The effects of butachlor and glyphosate isopropylamine on the activities of acetolactate synthase(ALS),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in peanut were studied by the method of indoor bioassays combined with pot experiment.The results showed that the activities of the three enzymes and the MDA content in peanut increased first and then decreased in 20 days after being treated with different concentrations of two herbicides,which were consistent with the control.The low concentration treatment had little effect on ALS activity.In 10 days after being treated with concentration 4 and concentration 5 of the two herbicides,the activity of ALS was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).15 days after treatment,the ALS activity of peanut under the butachlor treatment of the two concentrations was 444.52 U/L and 440.48 U/L,respectively,and that of glyphosate isopropylamine treatment was 449.38 U/L and 459.92 U/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of the control(534.73 U/L).Butachlor treatment with concentration 5 had a great influence on the activity of CAT in peanut,which was 48.01 U/L 15 days after the treatment and significantly lower than that of control(51.24 U/L).The CAT activity in peanut treated by glyphosate isopropylamine with concentration 5 was significantly higher than that of the control within 20 days.After the peanut plants were treated with butachlor of concentrations 4 and 5,the POD activity was significantly lower than that of the control at first,and then gradually increased,which was significantly higher than that of the control on the 15th day and 20th day after the treatment.On the 15th day after glyphosate isopropylamine treatment,the POD activity of peanut increased to the maximum value,which was 255.57,253.81,245.02,269.63 and 265.76 U/L,respectively,under the 5 concentrations,significantly higher than that of control(237.77 U/L).The MDA content of peanut after butachlor treatment was higher than that of control within 20 days,and the content was positively correlated with the concentration.MDA content showed a fluctuation rise after glyphosate isopropylamine treatment,reaching the maximum on the 10th day,then decreased to the control level or significantly lower than the control level.The results indicate that the two herbicides have certain effects on physiological properties of peanut plants,and their effects are positively correlated with the concentration.High concentration treatment has a stress effect on the growth of peanut.