牛支原体诊断技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Diagnostic Techniques of Mycoplasma bovis

支原体作为造成牛感染的重要病原体已在全球范围内广泛传播,可引发牛的一系列重大疾病。支原体传染性高且难以根治,因此需要快速和准确的诊断方法来预防和控制疾病的爆发。本研究简述了牛支原体诊断方法的发展和应用。传统的支原体的鉴定和诊断以分离培养为主。近年来,使用聚合酶链式反应从样本中检测支原体的技术方法日益成熟,与传统的诊断方法相比,聚合酶链式反应的诊断更高效,特异性和敏感性更强。目前有病原分离鉴定、分子生物学鉴定、血清学鉴定等方式可用于支原体分离株的分型,便于在疾病暴发调查中确定基因特征。通过间接ELISA进行的血清学诊断,可以检测血清和牛奶中的抗支原体抗体,且已在动物样本和BTM样本上得到应用。这些检测方法的综合应用,将有助于生产实践中病原体的精确检测及对牛群疾病发生状况的科学评估。

Mycoplasma,as an important pathogen causing cattle infection,has been spread worldwide and can cause a series of serious diseases in cattle.Mycoplasma is highly contagious and difficult to eradicate,so rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are needed to prevent and control disease outbreaks.This article reviewed the development and application of different diagnostic methods for mycoplasma.The traditional identification and diagnosis of mycoplasma are mainly in isolation and culture.Recently,techniques for mycoplasma detection from samples using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)have increasingly matured.Compared with traditional diagnostic methods,PCR is more efficient,specific and sensitive.At present,pathogen isolation and identification,molecular biology identification,serological identification and other ways can be used for mycoplasma isolates typing,and easy to determine the gene characteristics in the disease outbreak investigation.Serological diagnosis by indirect ELISA can detect anti-mycoplasma antibodies in serum and milk,and has been demonstrated on single animal samples and BTM samples.The comprehensive application of these detection methods will contribute to the accurate detection of pathogens in production practice and the scientific assessment of the disease occurrence status of cattle herds.