黑龙江省农户自储粮温度气象服务指标研究

The Meteorological Service Indexes of Farmers’Self-stored Grain Temperature in Heilongjiang Province

气象条件中的温度是造成黑龙江省农户自储粮发生霉变的主要原因,为了研究温度对农户粮食存储的影响,通过实时监测玉米和水稻粮堆内的温度并与气象站温度进行对比,以及对2011—2020年近10 a内48 h温度的变幅进行分析,得到以下结论:气象站温度与水稻粮温变化规律不同,气象站温度变幅大,粮温变幅小,呈斜线缓慢下降,且两者相关性不大,R为0.821,粮温变化滞后于气象站温度变化约14 d,粮温随着气温的增高而增高,根据回归方程计算粮温达到15℃时,气象站温度达30℃;气象站温度与玉米粮温变化规律一致,差异较小,相关性较大,R达0.957,粮温变化滞后于气象站温度约2 h,根据回归方程计算粮温达到15℃时,气象站温度为16℃;农户自储粮温度气象服务指标为气温大于0℃,防结露指标为最高(最低)温度48 h升(降)温幅度达8℃。农户自储粮气象服务温度指标,对提供精准的农户粮食存储气象服务,保障粮食安全具有重要意义。

Among meteorological conditions,temperature is the main cause of mildew of farmers’self-stored grain in Heilongjiang Province.To study the impact of temperature on self-stored grain of farmers,through real-time monitoring of the temperature in the corn and rice grain piles,and comparing the obtained temperature with that observed in the weather station,we analyzed the amplitude of the temperature of 48 h from 2011 to 2020,and drew the following conclusions.The temperature variation of the weather station was different from that of stored rice grain,the temperature amplitude of the weather station was large,while that of grain temperature was small,slowly descending in a diagonal line;the correlation between the two was not large,R was 0.821;the grain temperature variation lagged behind that of the weather station for about 14 days,and the grain temperature increased with the increase of the air temperature;according to the regression equation,when the grain temperature reached 15℃,the weather station temperature reached 30℃.The variation of the weather station temperature was consistent with that of the corn grain,the difference was small and the correlation was large,R was 0.957;the grain temperature variation lagged behind that of the weather station for about 2 h;when the grain temperature reached 15℃,according to the regression equation,the weather station temperature was 16℃.In summary,the meteorological service indexes of the temperature of farmers’self-stored grain are:the temperature is greater than 0℃,and the anti-condensation index is the maximum(minimum)temperature rising(decreasing)for 8℃in 48 h.The meteorological service indexes of the temperature for farmers’self-stored grain are of great significance to accurate meteorological service for farmers’grain storage and ensuring food security.