硫酸钾和氯化钾对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Potassium Sulfate and Potassium Chloride:Effects on the Growth and Yield of Potato

为了探明钾肥对马铃薯的作用,本试验设置5个施肥处理,研究了硫酸钾和氯化钾对大田马铃薯品种‘克新1号’生长及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)硫酸钾施用量为353.55 kg/hm^(2),植株最高,茎最粗。氯化钾施用量为600.30 kg/hm^(2)情况下,植株最高,在300.15 kg/hm^(2)情况下,茎最粗。但都低于不施肥处理。(2)硫酸钾施入量的变化对主茎数及匍匐茎数没有显著影响;氯化钾施入量为750.45 kg/hm^(2),主茎数显著高于未施肥处理的主茎数,施用量为600.30、750.45 kg/hm^(2)时更有益于匍匐茎的生长。(3)在马铃薯生长初期,钾肥会抑制叶子的生长;而在中后期,钾肥则都会促进叶子的生长,氯化钾的作用更大。(4)施用这两种钾肥会延后茎叶的最大干物质量出现时间。(5)相较于硫酸钾,氯化钾更能提高单株结薯数和单块茎重,增产效果更佳。综合来看,氯化钾对马铃薯生长和产量的影响大于硫酸钾。

For clarifying the effect of K2SO4 and KCl on the growth and yield of potato(variety‘Kexin 1’),five fertilization treatments were conducted in this study.The results are as followings.(1)The plant height and stem thickness get their highest levels at the application rate of 353.55 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)SO_(4);while the highest plant and the thickest plant stem appear at 600.30 kg/hm^(2) KCl and 300.15 kg/hm^(2) KCl,respectively.But all potassium fertilizer treatments have lower plant height and stem thickness than no fertilizer treatment.(2)The application rate of K_(2)SO_(4) has no significant effect on the numbers of main stems and creeping stems.The number of main stems under KCl application rate of 750.45 kg/hm^(2) is significantly higher than that of no fertilizertreatment;KCl is more beneficial to the growth of creeping stems at the rates of 600.30 and 750.45kg/hm^(2).(3)Potassium fertilizer can inhibit leaf growth at the early growth stage,while promote leaf growth at the middle and late stages,and KCl has a greater effect than K_(2)SO_(4).(4)Both the two potassium fertilizers can delay the appearance of the maximum dry matter weight of stems and leaves.(5)Compared with K_(2)SO_(4),KCl could increase tubers per plant and tuber yield per plant,and has a better effect on tuber yield increase.Overall,KCl has greater effects on potato growth and yield than K_(2)SO_(4).