昭通不同气象条件下烤烟品种适应性研究

Adaptability of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties to Different Meteorological Conditions in Zhaotong

明确昭通主栽烤烟品种在不同气象条件下的适应性,根据昭通287个植烟行政村大田期(4—9月)温度、日照和降水气象要素,将昭通植烟区域分为不同气象环境;在不同气象环境下开展烤烟品种的田间试验,以烤烟单位产值和烟叶化学成分TOPSIS得分为主要评价指标,田间农艺性状、病情指数、质量性状为辅助参考指标进行综合评价,筛选不同气象环境下适宜种植烤烟品种。研究表明:昭通植烟区域分为低温干燥多日照、高温干燥多日照、低温湿润多日照、低温湿润寡日照4种气象环境。低温干燥多日照气象环境的‘云烟116’农艺性状、经济性状综合表现较好,‘云烟116’化学成分TOPSIS评价得分最高,‘K326’品种黑胫病显著低于其他4个品种,‘K326’气候性斑点病、TMV、CMV显著高于其他3个品种,其他品种间病害无显著差异;高温干燥多日照气象环境的‘云烟87’和‘云烟116’农艺性状综合表现较好,‘KRK26’‘、云烟87’经济性状综合表现较好,‘云烟87’化学成分TOPSIS评价得分最高;低温湿润多日照气象环境的‘云烟87’和‘K326’农艺性状、经济性状综合表现较好,‘K326’化学成分TOPSIS评价得分最高;低温湿润寡日照气象环境的‘云烟87’农艺性状、经济性状综合表现较好,‘云烟87’和‘云烟116’化学成分TOPSIS评价得分较高。低温干燥多日照气象环境的‘云烟116’适应性好,高温干燥多日照气象环境的‘云烟87’适应性好,低温湿润多日照气象环境的‘K326’适应性好,低温湿润寡日照气象环境的‘云烟87’适应性好。

The aim of the study is to clarify the adaptability of main flue-cured tobacco varieties to different meteorological conditions in Zhaotong.According to the meteorological elements of temperature,sunshine and precipitation in the field period of tobacco(April to September)of 287 tobacco-planting administrative villages in Zhaotong,the tobacco growing area was divided into four ecological types.Field trials of flue-cured tobacco varieties were carried out under different meteorological conditions.The unit output value of flue-cured tobacco and the TOPSIS score of chemical components of tobacco leaves were used as the main evaluation indicators,and field agronomic traits,disease index and quality traits were used as auxiliary reference indicators for comprehensive evaluation.The research showed that the tobacco planting area in Zhaotong was divided into four kinds of meteorological environments:the first type of area was dry with low temperature and long sunshine,the second type of area was dry with high temperature and long sunshine,the third type of area was humid with moderate temperature and less sunshine,and the fourth type of area was humid with low temperature and less sunshine.In the first type of area,‘Yunyan 116’had better comprehensive performance in agronomic and economic traits,and had the highest TOPSIS evaluation score of chemical components.Black shank disease of‘K326’was significantly lower than that of the other four varieties.Climatic spot disease,TMV and CMV of‘K326’were significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.There was no significant difference in disease occurrence among other varieties.In the second type of area,‘Yunyan 87’and‘Yunyan 116’had better comprehensive agronomic traits,‘KRK26’and‘Yunyan 87’had better comprehensive economic traits,and‘Yunyan 87’had the highest TOPSIS evaluation score of chemical components.In the third type of area,‘Yunyan 87’and‘K326’had better agronomic and economic traits,and‘K326’had the highest TOPSIS evaluation score.In the fourth type of area,‘Yunyan 87’had good comprehensive performance of agronomic and economic traits,and‘Yunyan 87’and‘Yunyan 116’had relatively high TOPSIS evaluation score.In general,‘Yunyan 116’had the best adaptability in the first type of area,‘Yunyan 87’had the best adaptability in the second type of area,‘K326’had the best adaptability in the third type of area,and‘Yunyan 87’had the best adaptability in the fourth type of area.