马克思正义观对柏拉图正义观的超越

The surpassing of Marx’s view of justice over Plato’s view of justice

随着政治哲学的复兴,正义问题再次进入人们的视野。柏拉图是西方哲学史上首个系统阐述正义的思想家。柏拉图的正义观从“正义的原则”出发,不仅将正义与分工结合起来,还将城邦正义和个人正义联系起来,构建了一个从下到上的正义观。马克思从“现实的人”出发,赋予正义双重内涵,从生产领域揭示了正义的本质,并说明正义的最终目的是实现人自由而全面的发展。马克思对柏拉图的正义观进行了前提置换和逻辑重构,超越了柏拉图的正义观。

With the revival of political philosophy,the question of justice comes into people’s view again.Plato was the first thinker in the history of Western philosophy to systematically elaborate on the concept of justice.Plato’s view of justice,starting from the“principle of justice”,not only combines justice with division of labor,but also connects city-state justice with individual justice,constructing a bottom-up concept of justice.Starting from the“realistic man”,Marx endows justice with double connotation,reveals the essence of justice from the field of production,and shows that the ultimate purpose of justice is to realize the free and comprehensive development of people.Marx replaced the premise and the logical reconstruction of Plato’s view of justice,surpassing Plato’s view of justice.