4种信息化合物对枇杷园黄胸蓟马及有益昆虫诱捕评价

Evaluation of Four Semiochemicals in the Trapping of Thrips hawaiiensis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae) and Beneficial Insects in Loquat Orchard

【目的】黄胸蓟马(Thrips hawaiiensis)是为害枇杷的重要害虫,本研究旨在明确单一色板、色板+单组分信息化合物和色板+双组分信息化合物对黄胸蓟马和有益昆虫的诱集作用,为枇杷园蓟马种群监测与防控及有益昆虫保护提供科学依据。【方法】通过田间试验比较3种颜色粘虫板(黄色、蓝色和白色)和悬挂高度(225 cm、150 cm、75 cm)对黄胸蓟马的诱集效果,在此基础上比较色板+单组分信息化合物(异烟酸甲酯、烟酸甲酯、异烟酸乙酯和烟酸乙酯)和色板+双组分信息化合物(异烟酸甲酯+烟酸乙酯、异烟酸甲酯+异烟酸乙酯、异烟酸甲酯+烟酸甲酯、烟酸甲酯+烟酸乙酯、烟酸甲酯+异烟酸乙酯、烟酸乙酯+异烟酸乙酯)对黄胸蓟马和有益昆虫的诱集效果。【结果】白色粘虫板在悬挂高度150 cm对黄胸蓟马诱集数量显著高于其他处理组。单组分信息化合物异烟酸甲酯对黄胸蓟马引诱效果最强,诱集雌、雄成虫和黄胸蓟马总成虫数量分别为空白对照组的4.68倍、8.45倍和5.56倍;比较6种双组分信息化合物与对应单组分信息化合物对黄胸蓟马的诱捕效果,发现均对雌成虫呈拮抗作用。10种信息化合物处理组对有益昆虫食蚜蝇、寄生蜂类、草蛉、蜜蜂和胡蜂的诱集数量均较低,食蚜蝇诱集数量最多仅2.73头·板^(-1)·d^(-1),各处理组益害比值均低于空白对照组,其中异烟酸甲酯处理组最小(1:285.33)。【结论】白色粘虫板与异烟酸甲酯组合对枇杷园花期黄胸蓟马的诱集效果最强,且对有益昆虫影响最小。

【Objective】 Thrips hawaiiensis is a significant loquat pest.This study aimed to determine the attractive effects of single-colored sticky traps,colored sticky traps + single semiochemical,and colored sticky traps + two semiochemicals on the capture of T.hawaiiensis and beneficial insects.These findings would provide a scientific basis for the monitoring and control of thrip populations,as well as the conservation of beneficial insects in loquat orchards.【Method】 A field experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of sticky traps of three different colors(yellow,blue,white) hung aboveground at varied heights(225cm,150cm,75 cm) in attracting the target insects.Then,at the optimal sticky trap color and hanging height,four groups of traps coated with a single seimchemical(methyl isonicotinate,MI;methyl nicotinate,MN;ethyl isonicotinate,EI;ethyl nicotinate,EN) on each trap,six groups of traps with two seimchemicals(MI+EN,MI+EI,MI+MN,MN+EN,MN+EI,EN+EI) on each trap,and one control group were placed in the orchard to compare the attractant effects of T.hawaiiensis and beneficial insects.【Result】 White sticky traps hung 150cm aboveground attracted the greatest number of thrips.The single methyl isonicotinate semiochemical(MIWT) was most effective in attracting T.hawaiiensis,and the numbers of female,male,and total T.hawaiiensis adult captured were 4.68 times,8.45 times,and 5.56 times,respectively,that of the control.By comparing the trapping effects of the six two semiochemicals treatments and their corresponding single semiochemical on the capture of T.hawaiiensis adults showed that all of them had antagonistic effects on female adults.However,interestingly and importantly,the captured beneficial insects of the ten semiochemical treatments,such as hoverflies,parasitic wasps,lacewings,bees,and vespids,were all lower than those of the control,and the maximum number of hoverflies captured was only 2.73 thrips per trap per day,and the ratio of trapped beneficial insects:trapped thrips of all the treatments were lower than those of the control,with MIWT treatment showing the least(1:285.33).【 Conclusion】 In the loquat flowering season,the combination of the white sticky trap and methyl isonicotinate had the strongest trapping effect on T.hawaiiensis,with the least effect on beneficial insects.