心体的虚通与实在——简论王阳明《传习录》对心体性质的辨析

The Unimpeded and Real Essence of Mind——A brief discussion on Wang Yangming's Chuanxilu on the nature of mind

以人之心体作为儒家修齐治平的着眼点与发用处,并消解正心诚意与格物致知产生的内外区隔,是阳明心学的重要特征。而以本心之发明、施用论证儒家人伦道德于人内在根本倾向、终极生存可能上的本然与必然,势必关涉心体性质的辨析与揭示。一方面,心超越一切固化立场,具有“无善无恶”的自然本性;另一方面,心因能主动生发现实伦理行为,并于本体层面赋予此世生命以实在性,而能回转佛道二教的虚无主义倾向,实现儒家“必有事焉”的生存指向。王阳明在《传习录》中的论述表明,虚与实是对心体无纤毫私欲遮蔽、廓然大公的本然状态的不同阐发。而只有同时认清心体的虚与实并超越固化的是非判断,才能实现真正意义的伦理自觉并体察生命本具的精神自由。

It is an important feature of Wang Yangming's Mind Study to take human mind as the focus and purpose of Confucianism in cultivating one's moral integrity,governing the country and stabilizing the world,and to eliminate the internal and external distinctions caused by bringing one's mind to sincerity and learning from actual facts.The illustration and application of one's conscience to demonstrate the reality and inevitability of Confucian ethics and morality in people's inherent tendency and ultimate survival possibility will inevitably involve the identification and revealing of the nature of the mind itself.On the one hand,mind itself transcends all solidified standpoints and is "above good and evil";on the other hand,the mind itself can take the initiative to produce all realistic ethical behaviors,and endow life in this world with reality at the ontological level.Therefore,it can reverse the nihilistic tendencies of Buddhism and Taoism,and reveal the Confucian orientation of survival that "there must be something to do".Wang Yangming's exposition in Chuanxilu shows that both the unimpeded and real essence are different elucidation of mind's natural state without the slightest selfish prejudice.Only by simultaneously recognizing the unimpeded and real essence of mind and transcending the fixed judgment of right and wrong can the true ethical consciousness and spiritual freedom rooted in life be realized.