AgNPs/TPU导电纤维的制备及性能研究

Preparation and properties of AgNPs/TPU conductive fibers

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为弹性纤维基体,三氟乙酸银(C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2))为导电银纳米粒子(AgNPs)前驱体,水合肼为还原剂,采用湿法纺丝工艺、原位还原技术及热处理制备AgNPs/TPU导电纤维,研究了水合肼浓度、还原时间、C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2)含量、热处理对纤维导电性能的影响,并对其微观形貌、化学组成、力学性能、拉伸电阻敏感性进行表征。结果表明:在C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2)/TPU质量比为1.5:1.0,水合肼质量分数为15%,还原时间为20 min,120℃热处理30 min的条件下得到的AgNPs/TPU导电纤维具有最佳的导电性能,电导率可达108.9 S/cm;AgNPs/TPU导电纤维微观上呈中空多孔结构,纤维表面被AgNPs均匀覆盖;AgNPs/TPU导电纤维的力学性能相比纯TPU纤维有所降低,断裂伸长率为484%,断裂强度为0.15 cN/dtex;该纤维可在0~70%的应变范围内表现出较为优异的拉伸电阻敏感性,在0~40%及40%~70%应变范围内,灵敏度系数分别为23.1及218.2,通过预拉伸再还原可进一步提高纤维的拉伸电阻响应灵敏度。

Using thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as elastic fiber matrix,silver trifluoroacetate(C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2))as precursor of conductive silver nanoparticles(AgNPs),hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent,AgNPs/TPU conductive fibers were prepared by wet spinning process,in-situ reduction technology and heat treatment.The effects of hydrazine hydrate concentration,reduction time,C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2)content and heat treatment on the conductivity of fibers were studied,and their micromorphology,chemical composition,mechanical properties,and tensile resistance sensitivity were characterized.The results showed that the AgNPs/TPU conductive fibers could be obtained with the optimal conductivity up to 108.9 S/cm,under the conditions of C_(2)AgF_(3)O_(2)/TPU mass ratio of 1.5:1.0,15%hydrazine hydrate by mass fraction,reduction time 20 min and heat treatment for 30 min at 120℃;AgNPs/TPU conductive fiber exhibited a hollow porous structure at the micro level,and the fiber surface was uniformly covered by AgNPs;the mechanical properties of AgNPs/TPU conductive fiber were lower than those of pure TPU fiber,with an elongation at break of 484%and a breaking strength of 0.15 cN/dtex;the fiber exhibited excellent tensile resistance sensitivity within the strain range of 0-70%,with sensitivity coefficients of 23.1 and 218.2 in the strain ranges of 0-40%and 40%-70%respectively,and pre-stretching prior to reduction can further improve the tensile resistance response sensitivity of the fiber.