功能性聚酰胺纤维技术研究新进展

New progress in technology research of functional polyamide fiber

详述了功能性聚酰胺纤维的各种改性技术及其研究进展,介绍了“十四五”期间聚酰胺纤维的相关政策,并对功能性聚酰胺纤维今后的发展提出建议。功能性聚酰胺纤维的制备技术主要包括物理改性、化学改性和生物基聚酰胺技术,其中物理改性主要有共混法、复合纺丝法、纤维截面异形化及静电纺丝技术,化学改性主要有共聚法、原位聚合法及表面化学改性,生物基聚酰胺技术主要是开发具有自主知识产权的生物基聚酰胺56纤维。“十四五”期间关于聚酰胺纤维需要重点突破的关键技术有聚酰胺6熔体直纺技术、高品质差别化纤维技术、生物基聚酰胺纤维规模化生产技术等。功能性聚酰胺纤维未来的发展应向着绿色化和可循环再生方向发展,重点在研发多功能复合型聚酰胺纤维,突破生物基聚酰胺56大容量连续聚合及熔体直纺关键技术,加快实现静电纺丝功能性聚酰胺纤维产业化。

The different modification technologies of functional polyamide fibers and their research progress were reviewed.The relevant policies for polyamide fibers during the 14th Five Year Plan period were introduced.And some suggestions for the future development of functional polyamide fibers were put forward.The preparation technology of functional polyamide fibers mainly includes physical modification,chemical modification and bio-based polyamide technology,among which the physical modification mainly includes blending method,composite spinning technology,fiber profiled cross-section modification and electrospinning technology,the chemical modification mainly includes copolymerization method,in-situ polymerization method and surface chemical modification,and the bio-based polyamide technology is to mainly develop bio-based polyamide 56 fiber with independent intellectual property rights.During the 14th Five Year Plan period,the key technologies of polyamide fibers that need to make breakthroughs include polyamide 6 melt direct spinning technology,high-quality differentiated fiber technology,and large-scale bio-based polyamide fiber production technology.The future development of functional polyamide fibers should be oriented towards greening and recyclable regeneration,with a focus on the research and development of multifunctional composite polyamide fibers,the breakthroughs in the key technologies of high-capacity continuous polymerization and melt direct spinning of bio-based polyamide 56,and the acceleration of electrospun functional polyamide fibers industrialization.