农田生态系统中抗生素抗性基因迁移扩散的研究进展

Research Progress on Migration and Diffusion of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Farmland Ecosystem

农田生态系统是抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)向人体传播的重要环境,其中农产品的食用是抗性基因暴露的主要途径之一。施肥等农业活动改变了农田中抗性基因及其宿主菌的组成,而复杂的微生物活动使抗性基因及其宿主菌进一步转移到农作物体内。近年来,PCR、宏基因组测序和外源基因标记等方法的进步不断拓宽了ARGs的研究思路。水平基因转移可促进ARGs快速向更广泛的宿主菌进行迁移,尤其是存在迁移到人类致病菌中的风险。为了深入探明ARGs在农田生态系统中的迁移途径和优势宿主菌,文中结合国内外研究进展,阐述了农田生态系统中ARGs的来源、分布传播,介绍了农田生态系统抗性菌和抗性基因的主要研究手段,总结了抗性菌和抗性基因在农田生态系统中的传播途径和扩散机制。基于当下研究的不足展望了继续深入探索的方向,为今后进一步探索ARGs在农田生态系统中的迁移机制提出了设想,以期降低潜在的食品安全和人体健康风险。

Farmland ecosystem is an important environment for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)to spread to human beings,of which the consumption of agricultural products is considered as one of the main ways.Agricultural activities such as fertilization changed the composition of ARGs and their host bacteria in farmland,while complex microbial activities further transferred ARGs and their host bacteria to crops.In recent years,the advances in methods such as PCR,metagenomic sequencing and exogenous gene labeling have continuously broadened the research ideas of ARGs.Horizontal gene transfer can promote the rapid migration of ARGs to a wider range of host bacteria,and possibly even into human pathogens.To further explore the migration pathway and dominant host bacteria of ARGs in farmland ecosystem,this paper expounded the source,distribution and transmission of ARGs,introduced the main research methods and summarized the transmission pathway and diffusion mechanism of resistant bacteria and resistant genes in farmland ecosystem based on the research progress at home and abroad.Based on the deficiency of current research,this review prospects the direction of further exploration,and puts forward some ideas for further exploring the migration mechanism of ARGs in farmland ecosystem in the future,in order to reduce the potential food safety and human health risks.