我国近海养殖环境及生物体中有机磷阻燃剂研究进展

Organophosphate Esters in Offshore Aquaculture Environment and Organisms in China:A Review

有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)的大量应用使其在多种环境介质以及生物体内被不断检出,其对生态环境和生物体的威胁越来越引起人们的关注。随着经济和社会的发展,我国的生态环境尤其是近岸海洋遭受到了大量有害物质的污染,这将对生态及养殖环境健康和水产品安全产生不利影响。本文对有机磷酸酯在我国近海养殖区域水生生态系统(海水、沉积物及生物)中的残留状况、生物富集特征、毒理信息、迁移转化、生态风险以及健康风险进行了总结和分析。我国近海养殖区域已普遍遭受到OPEs不同程度的污染,OPEs的生物毒性效应以及生物富集作用也被证实,但考虑到生态环境的复杂性和多样性,以及生物体内存在的多种生物化学反应,OPEs在环境及生物中的赋存状况和污染特征,以及生物富集和迁移转化的相关影响因素和机制仍值得关注。本文最后对目前OPEs的相关研究存在的问题和不足进行了分析并提出了研究展望,以期对OPEs的综合研究提供参考和见解。

Organophosphate esters(OPEs)have been continuously detected in various environmental media and organisms because of their large number of applications,and its threat to the environment and organisms has attracted much attention.China’s ecological environment,especially the coastal ocean,has been polluted by a large number of harmful substances.With the development of China’s economy,it deteriorates the ecological environment,the health of breeding environment,and the safety of aquatic products.The residues,bio-enrichment characteristics,toxicological information,migration,and transformation,and ecological and health risks of organophosphate esters in aquatic ecosystems(seawater,sediments,and organisms)in offshore aquaculture areas in China were summarized and analyzed in this paper.China’s offshore aquaculture areas have been generally polluted by OPEs to varying degrees,and the biological toxicity and bioaccumulation of OPEs have been confirmed.However,considering the complexity and diversity of the ecological environment and the variety of biochemical reactions in organisms,the migration and transformation process of OPEs in the environment and organisms need to be evaluated.The problems and deficiencies in the current related research of OPEs were analyzed,and the research prospect was introduced to provide reference and opinions for the comprehensive research of OPEs.