微纳米塑料的人体健康风险研究进展

Effects of Micro/nano Plastics on Human Health:A Review

塑料制品在人们的日常生活中不可或缺,但是塑料的大量生产和使用,导致其不断地释放至环境中。在多种环境过程的作用下,塑料会发生降解、转化,形成微米甚至纳米塑料。近年来,微纳米塑料作为新污染物,对人体及其他生物体的安全构成了潜在威胁,因此引发的健康风险受到了科学家们的广泛关注。微纳米塑料能够经过多个途径进入人体,并对不同器官产生不同的毒性效应。因此,笔者将重点提供关于微纳米塑料对人体健康影响这一新兴主题的文献概述,系统阐述微纳米塑料对人体肠道、肝脏、肺部以及生殖系统方面的毒性效应以及其分子水平上的致毒机制,并进一步探讨了微纳米塑料的理化性质对其毒性效应的影响,最后探讨了未来微纳米塑料人体健康风险方面的研究方向。

Plastics are indispensable in our daily life.With the increasing production and widely application,plastics may be inevitably released into the environment.Under the action of a variety of environmental processes,plastics may be degraded and transformed into microplastics even nanoplastics.Recently,numerous studies have demonstrated that micro/nano plastics pose a potential threat to human beings and other organisms’health.Therefore,the health risks induced by micro/nano plastics have drawn great attention.Micro/nano plastics may enter into human body through multiple pathways and induce various toxic effects toward different organs.In this review,we mainly focus on providing an overview of the literature about the emerging topic about the impact of micro(nano)plastics on human health.We systematically elucidate the toxic effects and mechanisms of micro/nano plastics on intestinal tract,liver,lungs and reproductive system of human beings,and further disclose the influence of physicochemical properties of micro/nano plastics on their toxic effects.At last,we discuss the future directions.