论不正义的多重面孔——施克莱不正义理论及价值

On the Multi-faces of Injustice:——Shklar's Theory of Injustice and Its Value

1971年罗尔斯《正义论》的出版,使得正义成为当代政治哲学研究的中心议题。施克莱的不正义理论把政治哲学的关注点从正义转移到了非正义,其运用思想史的方法,批判了正义模式的弊端,指出不正义的普遍存在和重要性,强调受害者视角的中心地位,并进一步分析了消极不正义、不幸与不正义、不正义感等不正义的多重面孔。施克莱的不正义理论提供了理论研究的新视角、关注受害者地位的新角度以及更具现实意义的考量,具有独特的理论价值和实践价值。同时,施克莱的不正义理论忽视了传统正义模式的重要作用,并没有完全摆脱正义理论的窠臼,没能形成完整的理论体系,也没有真正解决其理论的核心关切。

In 1971,Rawls published A Theory of Justice,which promoted justice to the center of contemporary political philosophy research.Shklar's theory of injustice shifts the focus of political philosophy from justice to injustice.By using the method in ideological history,Shklar criticizes the disadvantages of justice mode,points out the prevalence and importance of injustice,emphasizes the central position of the victim's perspective,and further analyzes the multiple faces of injustice such as negative injustice,misfortune and injustice,as well as sense of injustice.The theory of injustice provides a new perspective of theoretical research,paying attention to the victim's status and more practical considerations,which has unique theoretical and practical value.At the same time,the theory ignores the important role of the traditional justice model,fails to completely shed the justice theory and form a complete theoretical system,and does not fundamentally solve the core concerns of her theory.