酸性矿山废水中表面钝化技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Surface Passivation Technology in Acid Mine Drainage

酸性矿山废水(AMD)是最为严重的环境污染之一,主要由黄铁矿氧化引起。AMD的治理主要有末端处理和源头控制两条途径,末端处理技术不能从根本上解决污染问题,因此从源头控制黄铁矿的氧化是治理AMD的根本途径。源头控制技术主要有覆盖法、杀菌法和表面钝化法等,表面钝化法是目前科研工作者的研究热点。在介绍AMD成因的基础上,综述了各种表面钝化技术。重点概述了有机硅烷、载体-微胶囊化、自修复等技术的研究现状,分析了不同方法的优缺点,并针对其不足之处提出了今后的研究方向。为解决黄铁矿氧化问题、实现AMD污染的有效治理提供参考。

Acid mine drainage(AMD)is one of the most serious environmental pollution,mainly caused by pyrite oxidation.AMD treatment mainly has two ways of end-treatment and source control,end-treatment technology cannot fundamentally solve the problem of pollution,so from the source control of pyrite oxidation is the fundamental way to control AMD.The main source control technologies include covering method,sterilization method and surface passivation method.In this paper,on the basis of introducing the causes of AMD,various surface passivation techniques are reviewed.The research status of organosilane,carrier-microencapsulation,self-healing and other technologies is summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed,and the future research direction is proposed in view of their shortcomings.It provides reference for solving the problem of pyrite oxidation and realizing effective control of AMD pollution.