废油聚结分离破乳脱水研究进展

Research Progress of Waste Oil Coalescence Separation,Demulsification and Dehydration

废油乳化液的破乳脱水是废油资源化的关键环节。聚结分离技术利用材料表面润湿性不同实现对油、水两相的分离,具有设备结构紧凑、适应性强、操作简便等优点,广泛应用于工业废油破乳脱水处理等领域。对油-水聚结分离技术的发展历程进行了梳理,并对废油乳化液聚结分离破乳脱水的研究现状进行了总结,包括:油-水乳化液碰撞聚结和润湿聚结2种聚结类型的基本原理;乳化液特性、操作条件和床层特性3类聚结分离性能的影响因素;不同类型聚结分离材料的优缺点;耦合电场或机械振动等强化聚结分离技术;现有发展成熟的聚结设备。在此基础上,对废油乳化液聚结分离破乳脱水研究存在的问题进行了分析;并对废油乳化液聚结分离破乳脱水技术未来的发展方向提出建议和展望:应丰富理论体系、优化聚结模型、设计新型材料、多场耦合强化,最终才能实现废油乳化液聚结分离技术体系化发展。

Demulsification and dehydration of waste oil emulsions are essential in waste oil recycling.Relying on different wettability of the material surface,coalescence separation technology can be used to separate oil from water.It is widely applied in the demulsification and dehydration of industrial waste oil due to its advantages such as compact equipment structure,strong adaptability,and easy operation.The paper reviews the development history of oil-water coalescence separation technology and summarizes the research status of coalescence separation,demulsification and dehydration of waste oil emulsions,including the basic principles of two types of coalescence:collision coalescence and wetting coalescence of oil-water emulsions;three types of factors affecting coalescence separation performance,such as emulsion characteristics,operating conditions,and bed characteristics;advantages and shortcomings of different kinds of coalescence separation materials;enhanced coalescence separation technologies such as a coupled electric field or mechanical vibration;the existing well-developed coalescing equipment.On this basis,problems arising from the research of waste oil emulsion coalescence separation,demulsification and dehydration have been analyzed herein.Meanwhile,suggestions and prospects are proposed for the future development direction of the waste oil emulsion coalescence separation.demulsification and dehydration technology.Specifically,it is suggested to enrich the theoretical system,optimize the coalescence model,design new materials,and strengthen the multi-field coupling,so that the systematic development of waste oil emulsion coalescence separation technology can finally be realized.