廓然以天下为家:邹守益仁说的博爱理念

The Ideal of Taking the World as Home:on Zou Shouyi's Theory of"Benevolence"

“万物一体之仁”是王阳明晚年提出的、以“良知”为核心概念的新型“仁学一体论”。江右王门代表人物邹守益在其“仁”论中,对“万物一体之仁”予以着重阐释。对邹氏而言,良知构成了儒家仁学传统最重要的理论依据与心理动因,也构成了警策、敦促儒者于当下一念中践行博爱理念的精神动力。在仁爱精神的践行层面,邹守益特别强调“施始于亲亲”的宗族伦理构建,主张由修身而齐家,并进一步由家而国、由国而天下进行推廓。通过对“得君行道”“得官行道”“觉民行道”等多种途径的结合与施用,邹氏期望构建出一个“凡有血气,皆其昆弟赤子之情,莫不欲安全而教养之”的命运共同体。

"The benevolence that unifies the universe"is one of the most important philosophic theories proposed by Wang Yangming in his later years,and it's a new theory of"the oneness of benevolence"with"conscience"as the core concept.Zou Shouyi,a representative of Jiangxi's Wang Shouren School,emphasized the interpretation of"the benevolence that unifies the universe"in his treatise on"benevolence".For Zou,conscience constitutes the most important theoretical basis and psychological motivation of the Confucian tradition of benevolence,and also serves as a warning and spiritual motivation to urge Confucians to practice the concept of universal love in their current thoughts.In the practice of the spirit of benevolence,Zou Shouyi especially emphasizes the construction of clan ethics,which"begins with kinship",and advocates the cultivation of one's character to run the family,and further extrapolates from running the family to the state and from the state to the world.Through the combination and application of various means such as"getting the king to do the right thing","getting the official to do the right thing"and"getting the people to do the right thing",Zou expects to build a community of destiny in which"one takes anyone with a bloodline aura as close as their siblings and newborn children,hoping that they will be safe and sound,and educating and nurturing them."