被遮蔽的“逸”空间:戴表元的“被变节”与被误解

The Obscured"Seclusion"Space:Dai Biaoyuan's"Being Considered Defected"and"Being Misunderstood"

作为元初东南地区的重要诗文大家,戴表元在元代文学史上占据重要席位。诗文成就之外,戴表元晚年的出处问题颇为引人注目。对于戴表元的晚年出仕,元明时期人相对宽容,而晚明以来学者则更为严苛,以变节目之。这种层累形成的“变节论”是清中期以来日益严峻的节义观在历史人物身上的投射。“五四”之后的诸多文学史论则因为习焉不察,延续了对于戴表元的偏见。从根源上说,对仕与不仕之间“逸”的中间状态认知的丧失,是引发戴氏“变节”质疑的重要原因。

As an important poet and writer in the southeast region in the early Yuan Dynasty,Dai Biaoyuan occupied an important position in the literary history of the Yuan Dynasty.Besides his poetic and literary achievements,the question of Dai Biaoyuan's serving as an official in his later years is quite striking.For his serving as an official in the later years,people in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties were relatively tolerant,while scholars since the late Ming Dynasty were more strict and considered him a defector.This gradual formation of"defection"idea is a projection of the increasingly severe concept of temperance and righteousness on historical figures since the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Many literary historical theories after May Fourth continued the prejudice against Dai Biaoyuan because of their inattentiveness.The loss of knowledge of the intermediate state of"seclusion"between serving as an official and not serving is an important reason for the questioning of Dai's"defection".