“形气神”与“形影神”——论庄子与陶渊明的主体观

"Form,Qi and Spirit"and"Form,Shadow and Spirit":on Zhuangzi and Tao Yuanming's Views of Subject

陶渊明的思想与庄子哲学都具有“无家可归”的类同性,且陶渊明引用《庄子》甚多,从而使得进一步考察二者之间的具体联系有了可能。庄子主体观的实质是在传统的身心二元论的基础上加持了其独特的气化观的结果,主体的最终境界呈现为世界意志的“与道为一”之境;陶渊明主体观的内容则是“形影神”,是以庄子哲学的气化论为理论基础,加上自己的认识和对时代的回应而成就的观念,最终境界与庄子的认识如出一辙。从概念使用和结构义理上看,二者之间存在着细密的联系,陶渊明的主体观念是对庄子哲学的某种发展,从这个角度出发,可以澄清陶渊明《形影神》的诗旨内涵。

Tao Yuanming's thought and Zhuangzi's philosophy both have"homelessness"similarity,and Tao Yuanming quotes Zhuangzi a lot,which makes it possible to further investigate the concrete connection between them.The essence of Zhuangzi's view of subject is the result of his unique view of Qi based on the traditional dualism of mind and body,and,accordingly,the final state of the subject is presented as the realm of"oneness with the Tao"of the world's will;The content of Tao Yuanming's view of subject is"form,shadow,and spirit",with Zhuangzi's view of Qi as the theoretical foundation,combined with his own understanding of and response to the times,and the ultimate realm is exactly the same as Zhuangzi's understanding.From the perspective of conceptual use and structural meaning,there is a close relationship between them.Tao Yuanming's view of subject is a development of Zhuangzi's philosophy.From this point,people can clarify"form,shadow,and spirit"as Tao Yuanming's poetic connotation.