蒋士铨与清代杜诗的经典化

Jiang Shiquan and the Canonization of Du Fu's Poems in the Qing Dynasty

蒋士铨是清代著名文学家,与袁枚、赵翼并称为“乾隆三大家”,是性灵派的同盟军。蒋士铨对杜甫和杜诗的评价与性灵派主将袁枚颇有不同。他推崇杜甫忠孝义烈之心和杜诗温柔敦厚之旨,表达了尊杜的诗学立场;注重杜诗的典范价值,诗歌创作继承杜甫批判现实的“诗史”精神,借鉴杜诗的语言和写作手法,学习杜甫的题画诗,创作集杜诗,展现了杜诗作为经典对后人诗歌创作的指导和借鉴意义;从诗人和史官的不同立场出发,对杜甫作出了看似矛盾的评价,体现了其思想的复杂性。蒋士铨在同杜诗的对话中,更深入地理解了杜诗的情感和杜甫的精神,凸显了杜诗的经典意义和杜甫精神的典范价值,也展现了杜诗审美潜能的内在丰富性和多样性。

Jiang Shiquan is a famous litterateur in the Qing Dynasty.Jiang,Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi,are known as the"Three Masters of Qianlong",and are the allies of the Spirit School.However,his evaluation of Du Fu and Du's poems is quite different from Yuan Mei,the leader of the Spirit School.He praised Du Fu's loyalty,filial piety and righteous martyrs and the gentle and sincere intention of Du Fu's poems,and expressed his poetic standpoint of respecting Du Fu.He paid attention to the exemplary value of Du Fu's poems,inherited Du Fu's"poetic history"spirit of criticizing reality,drew on language and writing techniques of Du Fu's poems,learned from Du Fu's inscribed poems,and created a collection of Du Fu's poems,which reflects the guidance and reference significance of Du Fu's poems as a classic for later generations'poetry creation.From the different standpoints of poet and historian,Jiang made a seemingly contradictory evaluation of Du Fu,which reflected the complexity of his thoughts.In his dialogue with Du Fu's poems,Jiang Shiquan gained a deeper understanding of the emotions and spirit of Du Fu,highlighting the classic significance and exemplary value of Du Fu's spirit,as well as reflecting the inherent richness and diversity of aesthetic potential in Du Fu's poems.