从天文学假说到化学实证:氦元素的发现及其概念的发展

From Astronomical Hypothesis to Chemical Demonstration:Discovery ofHelium and Development of Its Concept

1868年,英国天文学家波格森首次在太阳光谱中观测到D_(3)线,法国天文学家詹森和英国天文学家洛克耶将D_(3)线公之于众,洛克耶将其命名为氦,并提出了氦是一种新元素的假说。1895年,英国化学家拉姆塞和特拉弗斯通过实验证实了氦的存在,氦元素最终于1905年作为一种新的元素列入到元素周期表中。氦元素最初被认为是惰性元素,2016年,我国南开大学王慧田团队及其国际合作者共同制备出氦化钠,打破了氦惰性的壁垒,氦的概念得到发展。各种因素导致了氦元素迟迟未被发现,天文学家和化学家共同推进了氦元素的发现和氦化合物的制备。氦元素概念的形成与发展过程体现了科学方法与科学思想的发展。

According to the research on the development of helium in 1868,British astronomers Pogson observed the spectrum of D_(3)in the solar spectrum for the first time,British astronomer Lockyer and French astronomer unveiled spectrum of D_(3),Lockyer named it helium and put forward the hypothesis that helium was a new element.In 1895,British chemists Ramsay and Travers confirmed the existence of helium through experiments,and helium was finally included in the periodic table as a new element in 1905.Helium was originally thought to be an inert element.In 2016,Wang Huitian's team at Nankai University in China and its international collaborators prepared sodium heliate,breaking the barrier of helium inertia and developing the concept of helium.Various factors led to the misdescription of the spectroscopic discovery of helium and the delay in the discovery of helium.Astronomers and chemists worked together to advance the discovery of helium and the preparation of helium compounds.The formation and development of the concept of helium reflected the development of scientific methods and ideas.