硫自养反硝化工艺的研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification process

硫自养反硝化(SAD)技术因其产泥量少、能耗低、无需投加碳源的特点,被广泛用于污水处理中。介绍了硫自养反硝化的生化机理,对近几年来用于污水处理领域的SAD工艺,包括单独硫自养反硝化工艺和硫自养耦合工艺的应用研究展开综述。从节能降耗的角度出发,认为硫自养与异养反硝化耦合工艺、硫自养与厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺将成为未来反硝化技术的主流工艺,二类耦合工艺不但脱氮效率高、能耗低,而且可以同时去除铬酸盐等其他污染物,减少硫酸盐产量并节约成本,适用于处理高氨氮废水等难处理的工业废水。未来应在微生物作用机理,高性价比碳源及新型生物载体材料的开发,耦合工艺的推广与实际工程应用3方面进行深入研究,以期早日将该技术推广至大规模应用。

Sulfur autotrophic denitrification(SAD)technique was widely used in sewage treatment because of its less sludge production,low energy consumption and without adding the carbon source.The biochemical principle of sul⁃fur autotrophic denitrification technique was introduced,and the SAD processes used in the field of sewage treat⁃ment in recent years were reviewed,including single sulfur autotrophic denitrification process and sulfur autotrophic coupling technology.From the viewpoint of saving energy and reducing consumption,the sulfur autotrophicheterotrophic denitrification and sulfur autotrophic-anammox processes would be believed as the mainstream deni⁃trification technology in the future.The two coupled processes not only had high nitrogen removal efficiency and low energy consumption but also could remove chromate and other pollutants at the same time,reduce sulfate production and save cost.The two coupled processes were suitable for treating refractory industrial wastewater such as high am⁃monia wastewater.In the future,in-depth research should be conducted on the mechanisms of microbial action,the development of high cost-effective carbon sources and new biological carrier materials,the promotion and practical engineering applications of coupling processes,in order to promote the technology to large-scale applications as soon as possible.