水体突发有机物污染应急吸附材料筛选

Screening of emergency adsorption materials for sudden organic pollution in water bodies

针对水体突发有机物污染应急处置需求,开展了常见吸油材料的有机物吸附性能测试,评估其在水体突发有机污染中的应用潜力。采用重量法测试了吸油棉、聚氨酯泡沫、颗粒树脂、岩棉板和吸油毡等5大类12种吸油材料的饱和吸附时间、饱和吸附倍率和保油率,以评价材料的吸油性、保油性以及疏水性,开展了高吸油材料对甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、甲苯、对二甲苯和正己烷的吸附性能和保油性能测试,并进行了循环利用实验。结果表明,白色吸油棉、聚氨酯泡沫和岩棉在5 min内可吸油饱和,饱和吸油倍率在10 g/g以上。其中吸油棉和岩棉对测试的有机物也有良好的吸附能力,饱和吸附倍率为6.014~10.62 g/g,饱和吸附时间不超过5 min,且保持率均在90%以上。进行10次循环使用后,吸油棉的吸油倍率仍可维持在5.594 g/g;岩棉在进行6次循环使用后,饱和吸油倍率将下降至3.318 g/g。因此,除常用的吸油棉以外,岩棉板也可作为应急吸油材料的备选。本研究结果可为水体突发有机物污染应急处置中吸附材料的选择提供参考和依据。

Aiming at the demand of emergency disposal of sudden organic pollution in water bodies,we carried out the organic matter adsorption performance test of common oil absorbing materials,thus assessing their application potential.Gravimetric method was applied to test the saturated adsorption time,saturated adsorption rate and oil re⁃tention ratio of 12 kinds of oil-absorbing materials from 5 groups including oil absorbent cotton,polyurethane,granu⁃lar resin,rock wool board and oil absorbent felt.And their oil absorption capacity,oil retention and hydrophobicity were evaluated accordingly.The adsorption and retention properties of the selected materials for six common organic substances containing methanol,ethanol,acetone,toluene,p-xylene and n-hexane were tested,and a recycling test was carried out.The results showed that white oil absorbent cotton,polyurethane foam and rock wool could achieved saturation absorbency of over 10 g/g in 5 min.The oil absorbent cotton and rock wool also had a considerable absor⁃bency for the tested organic liquid of 6.014-10.62 g/g in 5 min,as well as a satisfactory retention ratio of over 90%.After 10 times of recycling,the saturation absorbency of oil absorbent cotton maintained 5.594 g/g.While rock wool could only stand 6 times of recycling,and the saturation absorbency decreased to 3.318 g/g.In conclusion,rock wool could act as an alternative choice in addition to the commonly used oil absorbent cotton.The current study can pro⁃vide valuable reference for the selection of adsorption materials in emergent organic pollution disposal.