从“种族”到“民族”:论梁启超民族思想的初步自觉

From“Race”to“Nation”--On the Preliminary Self-consciousness of Liang Qichao’s National Thought

梁启超的种族观和民族观作为近代中国救亡话语的核心要义,在19世纪末20世纪初出现了从“种族观”向“民族观”的明显转向,这是其民族思想达到初步自觉的标识。从“大、小异种”到“大、小民族”的用语变化,是梁氏民族思想走向自觉的关键表征,“种族”与“民族”概念由相互胶葛逐渐走向鲜明区分,其间提出的“中国民族”概念标志着梁氏的民族思想走向成熟。在此自觉进程中,梁氏关于中华民族共同体建设的创议,对于中华现代国家发展的预见,作为民族话语的重要组成部分引领着近代中国救亡图存运动的展开,为当下做好民族工作和铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了宝贵的思想遗产和精神财富。

As the core of national salvation discourse in the modern China,Liang Qichao’s view of race and nation obvious shifted from“race view”to“national view”at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,which was a sign that his national thought had reached the preliminary self-consciousness.The change of expression from different“big and small ethnic groups”to“big and small ethnic groups”was the key manifestation of Liang Qichao’s national thought towards self-consciousness,hence the concpets of“race”and“nation”had experienced from interdependence to distinction,and the concept of“Chinese nation”put forward in the meantime marked the maturity of Liang’s national thought.In this process of self-consciousness,Liang’s proposal on the construction of community for the Chinese nation and the foresight of the development of modern China,as an important part of the national discourse,led the development of the movement of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival in modern China,and have provided valuable ideological heritage and spiritual wealth for the development of current ethnic affairs and the cultivation and consolidation of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.