后脱贫时代规模性因灾返贫风险的生成逻辑与治理机制——以西南民族地区为例

The Generative Logic and Governance Mechanism of Risks of Large-scale Return to Poverty Due to Natural Disasters in Post-poverty Alleviation Era--A Case Study of the Southwest Ethnic Regions

防范化解规模性因灾返贫风险是巩固脱贫成果和乡村振兴面临的重大课题。基于西南民族地区的调查研究发现,规模性因灾返贫问题的生成源于“风险—能力”结构的反向张力,自然灾害风险高和区域防灾减灾能力弱两大因素的叠加导致灾贫耦合关系的出现,其形成是来自农户生计资本为核心的多维驱动。以增加生计资本存量和优化生计资本结构为导向,系统化重塑和再造防灾避灾、抗灾救灾、恢复重建等灾害治理全流程,进而全面提升脱贫农户的可持续生计能力,是破解规模性因灾返贫问题的精准治理之术。

It has been a major task for the consolidation of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization to prevent and reduce the risks of the large-scale return to poverty due to natural disasters.Based on the field work in southwest ethnic regions,the large-scale return to poverty is due to the structural reverse tension of the risk and the capacity.The superposition of two major factors,high risk of natural disasters and weak regional capacity of disaster prevention and alleviation leads to the coupling relationship between disaster and poverty,which comes from the multi-dimensional drive with the livelihood capital of farmers as the core.Guided by increasing the livelihood capital stock and optimizing the livelihood capital structure,the precise way to solve the large-scale return to poverty due to natural disasters lies in systematic reshaping and reconstructing the the whole process of disaster management,such as disaster prevention and avoidance,disaster resistance and relief,and recovery and reconstruction,so as to comprehensively improve the sustainable livelihood ability of poverty-stricken farmers.