公共数据开放许可法律构造的中国模式

Legal Structure of Public Data Opening License Agreement and Chinese Model

开放许可已成为许多国家规范和保障公共数据开发利用的一项法律机制。在开放许可机制下,行政机关授予公众公共数据使用权,就此与公众达成开放许可协议。我国各地公共数据开放平台并未明确采纳开放许可机制,体现开放许可协议的条款规定于用户服务协议之中。用户服务协议作为一种行政协议,应接受行政法治的检视。公共数据开放用户服务协议的规范构建一方面要通过完善告知方式,切实保证用户知晓协议条款;另一方面要加强对实体内容的规范,消弭公共数据的取用限制。

Open licensing has become a legal mechanism in many countries to regulate and protect the development and utilization of public data.Under the open licensing mechanism,the administrative authority grants the public the right to use data and reaches an open licensing agreement with the public.Public data opening platforms in all parts of China have not explicitly adopted the open license mechanism,and the terms of the open license agreement are stipulated in the user service agreement.As an administrative agreement,open license agreement(user service agreement)should be examined by administrative law.On the one hand,it is necessary to improve the notification method to ensure that users know the terms of the agreement.On the other hand,it is necessary to strengthen the standardization of entity content and eliminate restrictions on access to public data.