农业机械化对农户增收、城乡收入差距的影响分析

Analysis on the Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on the Income of Farmers and the Urban-rural Income Gap

【目的/意义】农业机械化是促进农民增收的重要方式,农民增收是缩小城乡收入差距的重要途径,而缩小城乡收入差距是实现乡村振兴战略的重要路径。【方法/过程】选取2004—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据建立固定效应面板回归模型,深入分析农业机械化对农民增收以及城乡收入差距间的影响作用。【结果/结论】从全国来看,提高农业机械化水平对促进农民增收及减缓城乡收入差距具有积极作用。分地区看,农业机械化对东、中、西部三大地区作用效果不同,其中对中、西部地区提高农民收入及缩小城乡收入差距有积极作用,且对西部地区的效果较为显著;在东部地区,农业机械化发展会减少农民收入而加大城乡收入差距。最后,对如何提高农业机械化水平提出合理建议,以提高农民收入进而缩小城乡收入差距。

【 Objective/Meaning】 The agricultural mechanization was an important way to increase the income of farmers.Increasing the income of farmers was an important way to narrow the urban-rural income gap,and narrowing the urban-rural income gap was an important way to realize the rural revitalization strategy.【Methods/Procedures】The panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020 were selected to establish a fixed effect panel regression model to deeply analyze the impact of agricultural mechanization on the increase of farmers' income and the income gap between urban and rural areas.【Results/Conclusions】From the perspective of the whole nation,improving the level of agricultural mechanization had a positive effect on promoting the income of farmers and alleviating the income gap between urban and rural areas.If viewed by regions,the agricultural mechanization had different effects on the three regions(the eastern,central and western regions).It had a positive effect on increasing the income of farmers and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in the central and western regions,and the effect on the western region was more significant.In the eastern region,the development of agricultural mechanization would reduce the income of farmers and increase the income gap between urban and rural areas.Finally,the reasonable countermeasures were put forward on how to improve the level of agricultural mechanization,in order to improve the income of farmers and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.