全球化时代的伦理学?

Analysis on Challenge of Sci-tech Innovation to Ethics in the Age of Globalization

在全球化时代,科学研究以及由技术主导的科学创新给人类社会带来了无法预见的后果和潜在威胁,尤其是近20年来生物技术的研究可能会危及人类的未来和命运,因而科学研究与伦理问题是密切相关的。为了应对这些难题,减少生物技术带来的威胁,有必要运用伦理理论来反思技术科学的发展。在欧洲传统中有三种主要的伦理学模式,即美德伦理学、功利主义(后果主义伦理学)、义务论伦理学,它们被理解为对美好生活进行探究的答案,问题是哪种模式最适合回应全球化时代人类所面临的挑战。美德伦理学主要关注的是如何实现个人美好生活的问题,不适合探索全球化时代的伦理问题。功利主义不是最好的追求美好生活的路径,同样不能作为一种解决当前科学发展问题的伦理学模式。以康德为代表的义务论伦理学反对人的工具化,能对决策和行为的理性原则进行反思,可以在培养人们的道德观念和判断力方面发挥更大的优势,使人类不会在现代社会中完全迷失方向,因而更适合在全球范围内回应当今技术科学发展带来的危机和挑战。

The rapid development of scientific research and the domination of the technological sciences have unfortunately led our society as a whole into such an extreme situation.Therefore,scientific research and ethical issues are closely related.It is necessary to reflect on the development of technological science with ethical theories.We have three main ethical models in the European tradition,which are virtue ethics,utilitarianism,and deontological ethics.I would like to explore the question of what forms of ethics might be helpful to us in the age of globalisation.Virtue ethics is based on the premise that a good life is achieved through the fulfilment of intrinsic ethical norms and virtues.Utilitarianism is not the best way to pursue a better life,nor can it be used as an ethical model to solve the problems of current scientific development.Deontological ethics,represented by Kant,will play a more important role in cultivating people's moral conceptions and judgments,helping humans steer their directions in modern society,and responding to the crisis and challenges brought by the development of science and technology on a global scale.