青年马克思的时代观及其意义

Critique of Young Marx's Viewpoint of the Times and Its Significance in Modern Context

青年马克思的时代观具有丰富的理论内涵,主要包括“幸福时代”、“时代精神”、“历史时代”和“时代问题”等思想内容。青年马克思认为风尚纯朴、积极进取、人民具有自由和人民优秀品质得以发展的时代是“幸福时代”,论证了所有人成为“自为的存在”实体的“时代精神”是可能的,明确指出“人的解放”已经是“历史时代”发展提出的现实要求,提出“问题”是支配一切个人的“时代之声”,还要求每个人都做当代历史的“同时代人”。青年马克思的时代观在不断探索演进的过程中,具有了自身的思想特征:综合社会不同层面来阐释时代,划分时代的标准具有综合性,没有把某一层面的尺度绝对化,从总体上看具有科学性;从社会不同层面之间的相互关系来把握时代问题,把时代精神看成是历史总体性的存在,运用“主谓颠倒”的方法分析时代,分析时代的方法具有总体性、相互性和唯物决定论性质;其形成和发展与唯物史观的萌芽是一体的,具有探索性、具体性和实践性。青年马克思的时代观对于构建马克思时代观的内容体系具有理论意义:可以构建评价幸福时代和时代批评的理论,构建阐释时代精神的理论,从时空、社会、历史和主体四个维度构建把握时代问题的理论。青年马克思的时代观对于解决当今时代问题具有现实意义:在解决社会问题时要把握时代进步的方向;要坚持独立自主地走自己的路,着力解决“中国式的现代问题”;要发扬历史自觉精神、历史主动精神和历史创造精神,结合自身的发展实际,勇于斗争,胸怀天下,推动人类发展进步。

Young Marx's view of the times has rich theoretical connotation.Young Marx believed that a happy time is simple fashion,active progress,freedom and the development of fine quality,which proves that it is possible for all people to become the spirit of the times,and that human liberation is already a realistic requirement of the development of historical era.He also points out that problems are the“voice of the times”that dominated all individuals,requiring everyone to be a“contemporary”in contemporary history.Young Marx has formed his own ideological characteristics.Namely,he adopted a comprehensive and scientific way of interpreting the times from different levels of society;he saw the spirit of time as a historical totality,which developed into his determinism;His formation and development of the concept of the times are integrated with the germination of the materialist view of history,which is exploratory,concrete,and practical.Young Marx's view of the times provides a theoretical framework for evaluating the happy times,and interprets the spirit of the time from four dimensions.Young Marx's view has enlightenment significance for solution to the problems,we should grasp the direction of the progress,follow our own path independently and strive to solve the“modern problems of Chinese style”.We must carry forward the spirit of historical awareness,and promoting the development and progress of mankind.