2018—2022年安徽省突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Anhui Province,2018-2022

目的分析安徽省突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集安徽省报告日期为2018年1月至2022年12月,且已结案的突发公共卫生事件相关信息,应用描述流行病学方法对事件的级别、类型、传播途径及三间分布等进行分析。结果2018—2022年安徽省共报告突发公共卫生事件1275起,发病36119例,死亡60例。事件级别以未分级和一般事件为主,分别占77.65%和20.94%;事件类别以传染病为主(1200起,占94.12%),主要为呼吸道传染病,占73.25%(879/1200),新冠病毒感染、水痘和流行性感冒为传染病事件的主要报告病种,分别占29.33%(352/1200)、26.75%(321/1200)和12.50%(150/1200);其次为突发中毒事件(66起,占5.18%),以食物中毒为主,占60.61%(40/66)。致死原因前三位的是发热伴血小板减少综合征(8例,占13.33%)、出血热(5例,占8.33%)、误食野生毒蕈和磷化铝中毒(各4例,各占6.67%)。时间分布呈现2个高峰,主高峰为10月至次年2月,次高峰为4—6月;报告事件起数居前三位的地市为合肥市(145起,占11.37%)、芜湖市(138起,占10.82%)和马鞍山市(135起,占10.59%);高发场所为学校,共报告764起(占59.92%),发病31457例,报告病种主要为水痘(321起,占42.02%),其次为社区/自然村及家庭,报告445起,发病3621例,以新冠病毒感染聚集性疫情为主(251起,占56.40%)。传染病事件和突发中毒事件的报告时间与事件持续时间均呈正相关(rs=1.000、0.998,P均<0.001)。结论安徽省突发公共卫生事件以传染病为主,学校是防控重点场所。同时需加强对发热伴血小板减少综合征、食物中毒等突发公共卫生事件的监测、预警和处置,减少死亡病例的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Anhui Province for scientific basis to formulate corresponding prevention and control strategies.Methods The closed public health emergencies reported in Anhui Province from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China.De-scriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the events concerning the grading,category,transmission route and distribu-tion of the time,region and place.Results In total,1275 public health emergencies were reported in Anhui from 2018 to 2022,which involved 36119 cases and 60 deaths.The events were mainly unclassified and at general scale,re-spectively accounting for 77.65%and 20.94%of the total reports.Infectious diseases were the major events(n=1200,94.12%),and respiratory infections were most seen,which accounted for 73.25%(879/1200)of the total infections.COV-ID-19,chickenpox and influenza were the main types of infectious diseases reported,accounting for 29.33%(352/1200),26.75%(326/1200)and 12.50%(150/1200),respectively,followed by sudden incident of poisoning(66 events,5.18%).Food poisoning most occurred(60.61%,40/66).The major causes of deaths were involved in fever with throm-bocytopenia syndrome(8 cases,13.33%),haemorrhagic fever(5 cases,8.33%),accidental ingestion of wild poisonous mushrooms(4 cases,6.67%)and aluminium phosphide poisoning(4 cases,6.67%).Temporal distribution showed two peaks that primarily appeared from October to February,and the sub-peak was from April to June.By the number of the incidents reported,the top three cities were Hefei(145 events,11.37%),Wuhu(138 events,10.82%)and Ma'anshan(135 events,10.59%).The sites with higher incidence of the events were schools and childcare institutions,with 764 events(59.92%)and 31457 cases reported,chickenpox was most reported(321 events,42.02%),followed by communi-ties/natural villages and households,with 445 events and 3621 cases reported,and cluster outbreak was associated with COVID-19(251 events,56.40%).There was a linear correlation between the timeliness of reporting and the duration of infectious disease and poisoning outbreaks(rs=1.000,0.998,both P<0.001).Conclusion Public health emergencies in Anhui Province are mainly involved in infectious diseases,and schools and childcare institutions are the key places for prevention and control.Meanwhile,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of public health emer-gencies such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and food poisoning,and reduce the death cases.