2010—2022年重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing Municipality from 2010 to 2022

目的了解重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为科学应对和防控学校突发公共卫生事件提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2010年1月至2022年12月重庆市报告的学校突发公共卫生事件的相关信息,并对其流行特征进行描述性分析。结果2010—2022年重庆市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件3162起,占全市事件报告总数的79.23%(3162/3991),累计报告发病85889例,死亡5例。其中,传染病事件3120起,事件数前三位的病种为水痘(1253起,占40.16%)、手足口病(650起,占20.83%)和流行性腮腺炎(365起,占11.70%)。2010—2022年,重庆市每年均有学校突发公共卫生事件报告,年报告事件数为132~453起,报告高峰基本出现在5月和11月,呈双峰分布;报告事件数居全市前三位的区(县)为开州区(292起,占9.23%)、合川区(166起,占5.25%)和云阳县(163起,占5.15%);发生场所主要为小学(1664起,占52.62%)和托幼机构(911起,占28.81%)。虫媒传染病事件持续时间最长,为32.07(31.21,32.92)d;呼吸道传染病介入处置时间最长、发病规模最大,分别为9.71(4.29,16.63)d和23(14,38)例。结论传染病事件是重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件防控的关键,应重点加强对小学和托幼机构突发公共卫生事件的监测,进一步落实各项防控措施,多措并举降低学校突发公共卫生事件的影响。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies occurring in schools in Chongqing area for evidence to scientifically deal with the emergencies in school campus.Methods The data on the public health emergencies reported in schools in Chongqing area were retrieved from the subsystem of Pub-lic Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China from Jan-uary 2010 to December 2022,and analyzed for the epidemic characteristics using descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 3162 emergencies in school campus were reported from 2010 to 2022,accounting for 79.23%(3162/3991)of all emergencies reported in Chongqing.In total,85889 cases and 5 deaths were reported.Of the emergencies report-ed,3120 were associated with infectious diseases.The top three infectious diseases reported were varicella(40.16%,1253/3120),hand-foot-and-mouth disease(20.83%,650/3120)and mumps(11.70%,365/3120).School emergencies were reported every year in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022,and the annual number of reported emergencies ranged from 132 to 453.The seasonal distribution indicated bimodal trend,and annual peak of reported emergencies basically ap-peared in May and November.The top three areas with reported emergencies were Kaizhou District(292 events,9.23%),Hechuan District(166 events,5.25%)and Yunyang County(163 events,5.15%).The emergency primarily oc-curred in primary schools(1664 events,52.62%)and nurseries(911 events,28.81%).The duration of insect-borne in-fectious disease was the longest,which lasted for 32.07(31.21,32.92)days.Management of the respiratory infectious diseases was the longest,and the emergency scale was the largest,which accounted for 9.71(4.29,16.63)days and 23(14,38)cases,respectively.Conclusion Currently,infectious diseases are the key to prevention and control of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing.Monitoring should fall on the emergencies occurring nurseries and primary schools.Various prevention and control measures should be implemented in order to eventually reduce the occurrence and impact of school emergencies.