2011—2020年合肥市突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Hefei City from 2011 to 2020

目的掌握合肥市突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为防控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2011年1月1日—2020年12月31日合肥市突发公共卫生事件相关数据,对事件的分级、分类、地区、场所及时间分布等情况进行描述性分析。结果2011—2020年合肥市共报告突发公共卫生事件190起,以未分级事件为主,占61.58%(117/190);报告发病5323例,死亡31例。传染病事件为主要事件类型,占81.58%(155/190),其次为食物中毒事件,占9.47%(18/190)。环境因素事件死亡数最多,其次为职业中毒事件,分别占48.39%(15/31)和22.58%(7/31)。传染病事件主要集中在11月—次年2月,占72.90%(113/155);食物中毒事件主要集中在5—7月,占55.56%(10/18);职业中毒8起事件中,4起发生在9月份。2011—2020年合肥市各县(市、区)均有突发公共卫生事件报告,包河区报告事件数最多,占全市的22.11%(42/190)。56.32%(107/190)的事件发生在学校,以小学为主,占50.47%(54/107)。传染病是学校突发公共卫生事件的主要类型,占94.39%(101/107)。学校事件数前三位的病种依次为水痘、其他感染性腹泻和流行性感冒,分别占38.31%(41/107)、21.50%(23/107)和14.02%(15/107)。结论近年来,合肥市突发公共卫生事件类型以传染病事件为主,学校是事件发生的主要场所,环境因素和职业中毒是主要致死因素。建议加强学校传染病监测和管理,同时要提高对环境因素和职业中毒事件应急处置能力和医疗救治水平。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Hefei for sci-entific evidence to respond to prevention and control of such emergencies in the future.Methods The data on the pub-lic health emergencies reported in Hefei area between January 1,2011 and December 31,2020 were initially retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China,and then descriptively analyzed concerning the emergency grades,classification,distribution of areas,places and time.Results In total,190 emergencies were reported in Hefei from 2011 to 2020,and most of the emer-gencies were ungraded(61.58%,117/190).A total of 5323 cases and 31 deaths were reported.The emergencies were in-volved in infectious diseases(81.58%,155/190),followed by food poisoning(9.47%,18/190).The cases of death caused by environmental factors events was the highest(48.39%,15/31),followed by occupational poisoning events(22.58%,7/31).The events of infectious diseases mostly occurred from November to February of following year(72.90%,113/155),and food poisoning was most reported between May and July(55.56%,10/18).In the 8 incidents of occupational poison-ing,4 occurred in September.From 2011 to 2020,the emergencies were reported in all counties(cities and districts)in Hefei.Baohe District had the highest reports of emergencies,accounting for 22.11%(42/190)of the total emergencies reported across the city.56.32%(107/190)of emergencies occurred in schools,in which 50.47%(54/107)were in prima-ry schools.Infectious diseases were the major emergencies in schools(94.39%,101/107).The top three diseases involved in emergencies in schools were chicken pox,other infections diarrhea and influenza,accounting for 38.31%(41/107),21.50%(23/107)and 14.02%(15/107),respectively.Conclusion In recent years,infectious disease events are the main types of emergencies in Hefei,and schools are the major places where emergencies occur.Environmental factors and occupational poisoning are the important factors leading to deaths.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring and management of infectious diseases in schools as well as improve the emergency response capacity and the treatment level of poisoning personnel.