2012—2022年长沙市学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Changsha from 2012 to 2022

目的分析长沙市学校突发公共卫生事件的发生规律和特点,为学校突发公共卫生事件应急处置提供科学依据。方法收集通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统上报的2012—2022年长沙市学校突发公共卫生事件信息,对长沙市学校突发公共卫生事件的起数、级别、类型、发病人数、时间、场所等进行描述性研究。结果2012—2022年长沙市共报告293起学校突发公共卫生事件,报告发病14416例,无死亡病例。其中一般事件(Ⅳ级)179起,未分级事件114起,无重大(Ⅲ级)及以上事件。293起事件中传染病类事件288起,报告发病14320例。中毒事件1起,其他公共卫生事件4起。学校传染病事件中,事件数居前三位的分别为水痘(35.07%,101/288)、流行性腮腺炎(28.13%,81/288)、流行性感冒(21.53%,62/288),发病数居前三位的分别为流行性感冒(38.16%,5464/14320)、流行性腮腺炎(27.14%,3886/14320)、水痘(22.47%,3217/14320)。突发事件有4—5月、11—12月两个高峰。小学报告事件数最多,其次为幼儿园和初中,分别占学校事件总数的72.01%(211/293)、10.92%(32/293)、9.22%(27/293)。浏阳市的报告事件数和发病数均最高,分别占总数的43.00%(126/293)、37.37%(5387/14416);报告事件数和发病数最少的为芙蓉区,分别占总数的2.05%(6/293)、0.90%(130/14416)。结论呼吸道传染病是长沙市学校突发公共卫生事件的主要原因,小学为重点场所。应针对性地开展防控工作,提升疫苗接种率,减少学校突发公共卫生事件的发生。

Objective To analyze the occurrence regularity and characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Changsha City for scientific basis for urgent response to public health emergencies in schools.Methods The public health emergencies in schools reported in Changsha from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China,and de-scriptively investigated regarding the number of the emergencies,grades,categories,the number of patients,distribution of time and places.Results In total,293 public health emergencies in schools were reported in Changsha from 2012 to 2022,which involved 14416 cases.No death occurred.Of the emergencies,179 were in gradeⅣ,and 114 ungraded.No gradeⅢor above emergency was reported.In the 293 emergencies,288 were associated with infectious disease,one was involved in poisoning,and 4 were associated with other public health emergency,with 14320 cases reported.In the school infectious disease incident,the top three events were varicella(35.07%,101/288),mumps(28.13%,81/288),and influenza(21.53%,62/288),yet the top three of the incidence number was influenza(38.16%,5464/14320),mumps(27.14%,3886/14320),and varicella(22.47%,3217/14320).Two peaks appeared in April-May and Novem-ber-December throughout the year.The emergencies were most reported in primary schools,followed by kindergartens and junior high schools,respectively accounting for 72.01%(211/293),10.92%(32/293)and 9.22%(27/293)of the to-tal events reported in schools.Liuyang City ranked the first in the number of reported emergencies and incidences,ac-counting respectively for 43.00%(126/293)and 37.37%(5387/14416)of the total number of school reports.The num-ber of reported emergencies and incidences was the lowest in Furong District,which respectively accounted for 2.05%(6/293)and 0.90%(130/14416)of the total reports.Conclusion Infectious diseases associated with respiratory sys-tem should be responsible for the public health emergencies in schools in Changsha,and primary schools appears to be most affected.The findings suggest that targeted measures should be developed in the prevention and control efforts,and vaccination shall be expanded in order to reduce the occurrence of public health emergencies in school campus.