小憩还是摸鱼?非工作使用智能手机对员工影响的多层次研究

Micro Break or Cyber Slacking?A Multilevel Study on the Employees'Non-work Smart-phone Use

对于工作场所智能手机非工作使用,部分学者将其认定为网络闲逛、不利于工作,但同时,通过手机在工作间隙进行微休息有利于员工保持工作活力。为探讨上述不同观点,文章在个体内和个体间层次同时检验智能手机非工作使用对个体的影响。基于72名企业员工10个工作日的经验抽样法和纵向研究方法,研究发现在个体间和个体内,智能手机非工作使用对员工角色内外绩效有直接消极作用。但在个体内层次,每日工作活力对非工作使用智能手机的作用有遮掩效应,即工作活力“遮掩”了手机非工作使用的消极作用,每日非工作使用智能手机通过工作活力的确对员工主动行为有积极作用。研究结论验证了已有研究不同观点,即非工作使用智能手机有助于员工短期心理资源恢复,但总的来说非工作使用智能手机消耗了时间资源且对员工工作绩效具有消极作用。

In contemporary workplace,smart-phone use at work is becoming popular.Some scholars believe that non-work smart-phone use is counterproductive to work,while other researchers hold that micro-breaks via discrete behavior(i.e.,smart-phone use)can be beneficial by restoring employees'vigor and other resources.To explore these inconsistent conclusions,this study examines the effects of non-work smart-phone use on employees'in-role and extra-role performance at both the intra-individual and inter-individual levels.Based on the experience sampling method and longitudinal research of 72 employees for 10 consecutive working days,this study found that non-work smart-phone use has a direct negative effect on employee in-and extra-role performance in both within and between individual levels.Within the individual level,however,daily working vigor plays a suppressing effect on the relationship between non-work smart-phone use and employee outcomes.Specifically,non-work smart-phone use positively influenced employees'working vigor,which in turn enhanced their subsequent proactive behavior.These conclusions confirm the existing findings and provide a more dialectical perspective in understanding non-work smart-phone use at work,that is,the non-work smart-phone use can help employees recover from short-term psychological resource restoration,while it consumes time resources and has a negative impact on employees'in-role and extra-role performance.