外商直接投资赋能企业绿色技术创新:产业关联与知识流动

Foreign Direct Investment and Firm Eco-innovation:Industrial Linkage and Knowledge Spillover

绿色发展是中国式现代化的重要方向之一,以外商直接投资(FDI)为载体的技术溢出是赋能企业绿色技术创新能力的重要途径。基于2002-2013年中国工业企业数据库和专利数据库的企业微观数据,研究结果表明,产业关联方面,FDI依赖于市场交易关系的水平溢出效应显著为负,即负向的竞争效应占主导地位,而行业间溢出效应主要体现在前向渠道;知识流动方面,基于技术相似度的水平和垂直溢出均对于企业绿色技术创新具有正向显著的影响。基于技术相似度的纯知识溢出效应对于污染行业和信息依赖行业以及高环境规制强度、高外商直接投资强度和绿色技术创新专业化与多样化集聚的地区更加显著。研究结论为合理引入外资、切实提高内资企业吸收能力并针对不同行业和地区进一步优化内资企业绿色技术创新提供了政策启示。

Eco-innovation plays a crucial role in China's green high-quality development,in which technology spillover of foreign direct investment(FDI)is the key channel to enhancing the capability of independent eco-innovation.Based on the firm-level data of the Patent Database from China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and Annual Census on Industrial Enterprises(ACIE)dataset from the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)during the period of 2002~2013,this paper examines the spillover effects of FDI on eco-innovation of domestic firms from the perspective of industrial linkage and technology closeness.The results show that FDI horizontal spillover effect which depends on market transaction relations is significantly negative,that is,the negative competition effect dominates,while the spillover effect of industrial linkage is mainly reflected in the forward channel.Both the horizontal and vertical spillover based on technological closeness generate positive and significant impacts on eco-innovation.The knowledge spillover effect based on technology closeness is more pronounced for pollution industries and information-communication-dependent industries,the regions with high environmental regulation stringency,high FDI intensity and eco-innovation specialization and diversification.This paper has important policy implications for introducing foreign capital reasonably,improving the absorptive capacity of domestic firms,and further optimizing firm eco-innovation in different industries and regions.