复兴号动车组车内压力波动关键因素耦合研究

Coupling study on key factors of interior pressure fluctuation of fuxing train

高速列车过隧道时,会形成交变压力进而导致车厢内压力波动加剧,对旅客耳部舒适性产生严重影响。研究人员为了减缓车内压力波动,往往需要通过大量的实车试验获取车内压力变化规律,以确定列车过隧道时空调压力阀的开闭条件,但同时也导致了试验成本的急剧增加。因此,本研究旨在定量化建立各关键设计参数与车内压力波动幅值之间的联系,以节约相应的试验成本。首先,基于三维、非定常、可压缩的RANS方程与k-ε两方程湍流模型,采用数值计算方法揭示列车运行速度与隧道长度对车外压力波动的影响机制,并基于动模型试验验证了数值计算的可靠性。同时建立基于车体气密性指数的车内外压力理论转换计算方法,并基于实车试验验证了这一转换方法的准确性。最终,结合响应面法,提出以车内压力3 s变化率为响应值,以列车运行速度、隧道阻塞比和长度为设计变量的参数代理模型。基于这一模型,车辆技术人员通过输入列车速度、隧道阻塞比和长度等设计变量,即可得到车内压力变化幅值,为确定列车通过隧道时空调压力阀的开闭条件提供参考,从而节约试验成本。

The formation of alternating pressure would aggravate the interior pressure fluctuation of the carriage when the high-speed train passes through the tunnel,thus seriously affecting the ear comfort of passengers.In order to slow down the interior pressure fluctuation of the carriage,it is necessary to obtain the characteristic of interior pressure fluctuation of the carriage through a large number of full-scale tests to determine the opening and closing conditions of the pressure regulating valve.Nevertheless,it also leads to a sharp increase in the experimental cost.Therefore,this study aimed to quantitatively establish the relationship between the key design parameters and the amplitude of interior pressure fluctuation of carriageso as tosave the corresponding experimental cost.First,by using the 3D unsteady compressible Reynolds time averaged N-S equation and k-εturbulence model,the influence mechanisms of train speed and tunnel length on alternating pressure in the tunnel were explored by numerical calculation.Meanwhile,the theoretical conversion calculation method of internal and external pressure based on the body air tightness index was established,and the accuracy of the theoretical calculation method was verified by full-scale tests.Finally,combined with the response surface method,a parametric surrogate model was proposed,which tookthe interior pressure fluctuation of carriage within 3 s as the response value and the train speed,tunnel blocking ratio and length as the design variables.Based on this model,the technicians can obtain the interior pressure fluctuation of the carriage within 3 s by inputting the design variables such as train speed,tunnel blocking ratio and length,which provides a reference for determining the opening and closing conditions of the pressure regulating valve when the train passes through the tunnel,thus saving the experimental cost.