植物种群表观竞争机制及其研究进展

Mechanisms and advance of apparent competition among plant populations

植物表观竞争既影响群落结构和组成,也与生态系统功能密切相关。目前,国内尚缺乏对植物表观竞争的实验研究和机制探索。对植物表观竞争概念和研究进展进行了系统梳理和阶段性总结,分析了草食动物为媒介的表观竞争主要通过食物和生境介导植物竞争过程,以及ELP—采食者关系对表观竞争的影响;植物参与的表观竞争通常与资源竞争共同作用;AM真菌为媒介的表观竞争不仅受到宿主植物菌根依赖性的影响,还与AM真菌对资源的需求和环境资源供给状况有密切关系。未来研究既要注重实验设计的合理性,也要考虑测定方法和评价参数的有效性;重视植物群落和生态系统水平上表观竞争的功能研究。这不仅能够为植物群落结构和物种共存提供机制性解释,而且能够丰富经典的植物竞争理论和多营养级相互作用的食物网理论。

Apparent competition has great impact on the structure and composition of plant community and is also closely linked to ecosystem functions.However,there is less knowledge of experimental research and mechanical analysis on plant apparent competition in China.We introduced the concepts and summarized the current progress of plant apparent competition in this paper.Apparent competition mediated by herbivore regulates the process of plant competition primarily through providing food and refuge to herbivore and this also is influenced by the interaction between the extended leaf phenology(ELP)and herbivore.Apparent competition mediated by plant usually acts with resource competition.Apparent competition mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi)is influenced by the mycorrhizal dependence of plant host,and is related to the demand of AM fungi and the supply of environmental nutrient.In the future,studies on plant apparent competition should focus on the rationality of experimental design and the effectiveness of measuring methods and evaluating parameters.Moreover,researchers should pay much attention on the function of apparent competition at level of plant population and ecosystem.It can not only provide mechanical explanation on the structure of plant community and species coexistence,but also enrich the theories of classical plant competition and food web including interactions of multiple trophic levels.