张广才岭南部东北虎猎物种群冬季营养容纳量研究

Winter nutrient capacity of Amur tiger′s prey population in the south of Zhangguangcai Mountain,Jilin Province

猎物匮乏是影响东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)种群恢复的关键因素之一。容纳量研究是开展东北虎猎物恢复工作的必要前提。通过Maxent模型、聚类分析和训练随机树分类等方法,结合调查数据,预测了吉林省张广才岭南部黄泥河林业局东北虎主要猎物的适宜栖息地空间分布,解译了植被类型,在此基础上基于不同植被类型动物可采食部分代谢能、不同生境等级食物可利用率、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)和狍(Capreolus capreolus)生境等级重叠情况以及动物冬季能量需求,分析了东北虎猎物的冬季营养容纳量。结果表明:黄泥河林业局狍、野猪(Sus scrofa)和马鹿的适宜栖息地分别占研究区域总面积的52.8%、40.7%和25.4%;从猎物获取能量来看,以山杨(Populus davidiana)、桦树(Betula)、核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)为主的植被类型是马鹿、狍可获得能量较多的生境,以蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、核桃楸为主的植被类型是野猪可获得能量较多的生境。东北虎猎物种群的综合冬季营养容纳量为574只马鹿(0.29只/km^(2)),7016只狍(3.54只/km^(2)),4785只野猪(2.38只/km^(2))。

The lack of prey is one of the key limitation for Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)recovering.Research of population capacity is the necessary process of Amur tiger′s prey restoration.Through MaxEnt model,cluster analysis,training random tree classification and other methods,combined with the survey data,the spatial distribution of suitable habitat of Amur tiger′s prey in Huangnihe Forestry Bureau of south Zhangguangcai Mountain in Jilin Province was predicted,and the vegetation types were interpreted.The nutrient capacity of Amur tiger′s prey was calculated based on the metabolic energy of different vegetation types,the availability of metabolic energy in different suitable habitats and the energy requirement of prey in winter.Results showed that the percentages of suitable habitat for Roe deer(Capreolus capreolus),Wild boar(Sus scrofa)and Red deer(Cervus elaphus)in Huangnihe Forestry Bureau were 52.8%(Roe deer),40.7%(Wild boar)and 25.4%(Red deer).For the nutrient acquisition,the forest dominated by poplar(Populus davidiana),birch(Betula)and Manchurian Walnut(Juglans mandshurica)were the habitats with more energy available for red deer and roe deer,and the forest dominated by Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica)and Manchurian Walnut were the habitats with more energy available for wild boar.The winter nutrient capacity of Amur tiger′s prey population in Huangnihe Forestry Bureau was 574 red deer(0.29/km^(2)),7016 roe deer(3.54/km^(2)),and 4785 wild boars(2.38/km^(2)).