考洲洋人工种植红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落环境响应

Environmental response of macrofaunal community in planted mangrove wetlands in Kaozhou Bay,China

2017年以来,广东省惠州市在考洲洋潮间带开展了大规模人工种植红树林生态修复工程,但考洲洋人工种植红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的环境响应未见报道。根据2018—2019年四个季节在考洲洋盐洲大桥附近红树种植1—2年(X断面)和5—6年(Y断面)的两处湿地的大型底栖动物定量取样数据,分析了人工红树林湿地大型底栖动物的时空格局及其环境响应。方差分析表明,Y断面冬季的大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、生物量、多样性指数(H′)和丰富度指数(d),以及夏季的栖息密度均随潮高(海平面高程)降低而增加;而Y断面冬季的均匀度指数(J)、夏季的H′和J则是随潮高降低而减少。聚类(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度(nMDS)分析表明冬季和夏季X断面和Y断面大型底栖动物群落相似性较低,而春季和秋季X断面和Y断面大型底栖动物群落相似性较高。冬季和夏季最大潮高、潮差、大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度、H′和d较春季和秋季的高。红树种植1—2年的X断面大型底栖动物物种数、H′和J低于种植5—6年的Y断面。上述结果证实潮汐和红树种植年限影响考洲洋红树林湿地大型底栖动物的群落结构,研究结果可为大型底栖动物多样性保护和生态修复提供基础资料。

Large-scale mangrove ecological restoration projects have been carried out in the intertidal zones of Kaozhou Bay since 2017.However,the environmental responses of macrofaunal communities in the Kaozhou Bay mangrove wetlands have not been reported.Based on quantitative sampling data of macrofauna from two mangrove wetlands planted with mangrove trees for 1—2 years(transect X)and 5—6 years(transect Y)near Yanzhou Bridge during four seasons of 2018—2019,we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of macrofauna and their environmental effects in artificial mangrove wetland.Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that the species number,density,biomass,diversity index(H′)and richness index(d)of macrofaunal communities in winter and the density in summer at transect Y increased with the decrease of tidal height,while the evenness index(J)in winter,H′and J in summer at transect Y decreased with the decrease of tidal height.Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scale(nMDS)analyses showed that the similarity of macrofaunal communities between transect X and transect Y was low in winter and summer,but high in spring and autumn.The maximum spring tide,tidal range,the species number,density,H′and d of macrofauna in winter and summer were higher than those in spring and autumn.The species number,H′and J of macrofauna in wetlands planted with mangrove trees for 1—2 years(transect X)were lower than those planted with mangrove trees for 5—6 years(transect Y).These results confirm that the tides and mangrove planting years affect the community structure of benthic macrofauna in mangrove wetlands in Kaozhou Bay.These results can provide basic data for the conservation and ecological restoration of macrofauna.