咸海生态治理:深化与中亚科技合作的重要路径

Ecological Governance of Aral Sea:Important Way to Deepen Scientific and Technological Cooperation with Central Asia

2022年9月,习近平主席在新冠肺炎疫情发生以来首次出访,在发表的《中华人民共和国和乌兹别克斯坦共和国联合声明》中,特别提出“中方对由乌方倡议的‘关于宣布咸海地区为生态创新和科技区特别决议’得到联合国大会通过表示欢迎,该决议将有助于拯救咸海,恢复并改善周边环境,保护自然资源,提高地区人民生活质量”,以及“双方愿积极推动全球发展倡议与联合国咸海区域人类安全伙伴信托基金框架下改善咸海地区生态和经济社会环境相关项目协同增效”。在此背景下,文章梳理了咸海现状及其生态危机产生的原因和造成的影响,并分析总结了我国参与咸海生态治理的必要性和意义。文章认为中国在参加咸海生态治理方面有着政策和机制、资金和人才,以及项目合作基础等有利条件,建议在合作共赢、统筹协调、“有所为”和“有所不为”的原则下,从探索科学问题和改善民生入手,以荒漠化防治、水土保持、现代农业技术、新能源推广利用等为切入点,利用中国智慧、中国经验和中国力量参与咸海生态治理,推动绿色咸海发展,有效促进和深化我国与中亚的科技合作,为中国—中亚命运共同体建设乃至“一带一路”高质量发展提供科技支撑。

In September 2022,the President of the People’s Republic of China visited Uzbekistan for the first time after the epidemic.In the subsequent joint statement between China and Uzbekistan,China welcomed the adoption of the Aral Sea initiative proposed by Uzbekistan at the General Assembly of the United Nations.The two sides expressed their willingness to actively promote synergy between the Global Development Initiative and projects related to improving the ecological,economic,and social environment of the Aral Sea region under the framework of the United Nations.In this context,this paper describes the current situation of the Aral Sea crisis with a quantitative method and summarizes the necessity and significance of China’s participation in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea using the literature analysis method.The author believes that China has favorable conditions in terms of policies and mechanisms,funds,talents and cooperation foundation in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea,and suggests that under the principle of win-win cooperation,overall coordination,and doing something and leaving something undone,starting from exploring scientific issues and improving people’s livelihood,taking desertification combating,water and soil conservation,modern agricultural technology,and the promotion and utilization of new energy as the starting point,and using China’s wisdom,experience and strength in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea,promoting the development of the green Aral Sea,effectively deepening China’s scientific and technological cooperation with Central Asia,and providing scientific and technological support for the construction of a community with a shared future for China-Central Asia and even high-quality development of the Belt and Road.