中国旅游业高质量发展水平的区域差异及收敛性

Regional differences and convergence of high-quality development of tourism in China

分析旅游业高质量发展的区域差异及收敛性是旅游研究的重要议题。从市场提质升级、供给能力提升、企业资源配置高效、发展环境提升、产业结构优化和发展成果可持续6个维度构建评价指标体系,综合采用熵权TOPSIS法、Dagum基尼系数及其分解、变异系数和空间面板模型,对2010—2018年我国旅游业高质量发展水平、区域差异及收敛性展开了实证研究。结果表明:(1)我国旅游业高质量发展水平逐渐上升,但企业资源配置高效、市场提质升级和发展成果可持续仍是主要短板;地区发展差异显著,自东向西呈阶梯状递减规律;(2)我国旅游业高质量发展区域差异总体呈缩小态势,区域内差异变化不明显,区域间差异虽有所收窄,但仍是总体差异的最主要来源;(3)除中部地区外,全国以及东、西部地区的旅游业高质量发展均存在σ收敛,全国以及三大地区均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛;(4)经济基础、产业结构、市场化程度和创新能力对旅游业高质量发展的提升有显著影响,但存在明显的区域异质性。据此提出缩小区域旅游业高质量发展差异的对策。

Analyzing regional differences and convergence of high-quality development of tourism is an important topic of research.In this paper,we construct an indicator system to estimate high-quality tourism development,and the dimensions include market quality upgrading,supply capacity improvement,efficiency of enterprise resource allocation,development environment enhancement,industry structure optimization,and development achievements sustainability.It adopts entropy weight-TOPSIS method to measure the high-quality development index of China tourism as well as the tourism of 30 provincial regions from 2010 to 2018,applies Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition to measure the regional differences and resources,and uses coefficient of variation and spatial panel model to reveal the convergence.The results are as follows:(1)the level of China′s tourism hight quality development is increasing gradually,but the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation,market quality upgrading and development achievements sustainability are still the main short boards.There are significant regional differences,showing a stepwise decreasing pattern from east to west;(2)the overall difference of China′s tourism hight quality development is narrowing gradually,but no significant change in intra-regional differences.Although inter-regional difference shows a decline,it is still the primary source of overall difference;(3)except the central region,the tourism high-quality development existsσconvergence in China as well as in its eastern and western regions.Both absolute β convergence and conditionalβconvergence are found in all three regions;(4)the levels of economic basis,industrial structure,degree of marketization,and innovation ability have significant effects on the improvement of tourism high-quality development,but there is obvious regional heterogeneity.The countermeasures to narrow the regional differences in tourism high-quality development are proposed accordingly.