近代以来日本“国体”概念内涵嬗变探析

On Concept Connotation of “National System” in Japan since Modern Times

近代以来日本“国体”概念的内涵,依循时代发展而不断发生嬗变,核心要素主要是将神国观念、“万世一系”的天皇统治与近代民族国家建构有机地结合在一起,从而保证天皇及天皇制在确证“自我”及形塑近代民族国家认同方面发挥统率、凝聚及统合等作用。日本各界有意识地对“国体”概念进行理论阐释和话语重构,其终极目标是旨在通过天皇制这一精神纽带,达成凝聚国家认同和实现意识形态“同一化”的政治目的。战后初期,日本政治保守层依然固执于“护持国体”,随着《日本国宪法》的颁布及实施,象征天皇制的制度架构决定了天皇的职能更多地体现在发挥国民统合的作用上,“国体”概念的实质内涵逐步趋于虚化。

Since modern times,the concept connotation of“national system”in Japan has been constantly evolving in accordance with the development and evolution of the times.The core element is nothing more than the organic combination of the concept of the kingdom of God,the emperor’s rule of“one system for all ages”and the construction of modern nation-state,so as to ensure that the emperor and the emperor system play the role of command,cohesion and integration in confirming“self”and shaping modern nation-state identity.All walks of life in Japan have consciously carried out theoretical interpretation and discourse reconstruction of the concept of“national system”.Its ultimate goal is to achieve the political purpose of condensing national identity and realizing ideological“identity”through the spiritual link of emperor system.In the early post-war period,with the promulgation and implementation of the Constitution of Japan,the emperor’s function is more embodied in the role of national unity,and the concept essence of“national system”is gradually weakening.