多主体不安全视角下的建筑项目风险研究

The Risk Study of Construction Projects from the Multi-agent Unsafe Perspective

随着我国建筑业的迅速发展,工程建设中的工程风险问题日益突出。研究基于既有文献梳理建筑施工风险清单,通过对因素出现频次的统计分析,结合专家访谈,进一步分析修正风险清单,识别出23项源自多个主体的风险因素,并应用结构方程模型(SEM)从多主体不安全视角对影响建筑项目风险的关键因素进行分析。研究发现,建筑项目的风险因素涵盖多个主体,包括工人自身的不安全行为、设备的不安全状态、工地周边的硬环境不安全条件以及施工方管理软环境不周。这些主体对于建筑项目的安全、成本、进度和质量等方面都会产生影响。其中,质量风险和进度风险已经成为当前不安全行为中的关键风险;施工方管理软环境不周这一主体对建筑项目造成的威胁最为显著。研究从双维度视角综合考虑了不同类型的风险,针对不同的风险主体提出了相应的对策建议,对建筑施工的管理实践具有一定的指导意义。

With the rapid development of China's construction industry,the risk problem in engineering construction has become increasingly prominent.Based on the existing literature,the study sorted out the risk list of building construction,further analyzed and revised the risk list through statistical analysis of the frequency of factors combined with expert interviews,identified 23 risk factors from multiple subjects,and applied structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the key factors affecting construction risks from the perspective of multi-agent unsafety.The study finds that the risk factors of construction projects cover multiple subjects,including the unsafe behavior of workers themselves,the unsafe state of equipment,the unsafe conditions of the hard environment around the construction site,and the poor management of the soft environment of the construction party.These factors have an impact on the safety,cost,schedule and quality of a construction project.Among them,quality risk and schedule risk have become key risks in the current unsafe behavior;the construction party's inadequate management of the soft environment is the most significant threat to the construction project.The study comprehensively considers different types of risks from a two-dimensional perspective,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for different risk subjects,which has certain guiding significance for the management practice of building construction.