空气污染对中老年劳动供给时间的影响——基于生命周期理论的研究

The Impact of Air Pollution on the Labor Supply of Middle-aged and the Elderly

本文构建包含内生劳动供给的生命周期模型来分析空气污染如何影响中老年群体在非健康时间、闲暇时间和工作时间之间的时间禀赋配置,并利用2015年和2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)为样本数据进行实证检验。研究发现,空气污染显著减少了中老年群体的劳动供给时间。通过替换度量空气污染的指标后,本文的结果依旧稳健。在作用机制方面,空气污染不仅恶化了中老年群体健康水平,延长了非健康时间,还引发了居民对健康的担忧,居民的健康偏好提升,这加剧了空气污染对中老年群体劳动供给时间的挤出效应。进一步地,本文的异质性分析表明,空气污染对农村地区和低学历的中老年群体劳动供给时间的负向影响更为显著,空气污染可能会加剧社会不平等。

This paper develops a life-cycle model with endogenous labor supply to analyze how air pollution affects the time allocation between unhealthy hours,leisure,and work of the middle-aged and the elderly Thus,we use the 2015 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)as sample data for empirical testing We find that air pollution significantly reduces the labor supply of the middle-aged and the elderly Our results remain robust to other alternative measures of air pollution In terms of mechanism,air pollution not only worsens the health status and prolongs the unhealthy hours of the middle-aged and the elderly but also raises concerns about their health status and intensifies the crowing-out effect of air pollution on the labor supply In addition,we show that the negative impact of air pollution on labor supply is more significant in rural areas and among agents with low education and that air pollution may exacerbate social inequality.