数字贸易壁垒会制约企业数字化转型吗?

Will Digital Trade Barriers Constrain the Digital Transformation of Enterprises?

利用2006—2020年26个国家数据,采用工具变量等方法分析数字贸易壁垒对企业数字化转型的影响。结果表明:数字贸易壁垒通过阻滞数字化技术应用、降低数字化投资水平两方面直接制约企业数字化转型。数字贸易壁垒增加企业经营成本,降低资源配置效率,延缓企业技术创新,从而间接抑制企业数字化转型。数字贸易壁垒对欠发达经济体企业数字化转型的负面影响超过对发达经济体的影响,对高数字技术企业数字化转型的冲击超过对低数字技术企业的冲击。对于不同生产要素密集度企业而言,数字贸易壁垒制约企业数字化技术应用的作用具有显著异质性,影响程度由大到小依次为技术密集型企业、资本密集型企业与劳动密集型企业;数字贸易壁垒降低数字化投资水平的程度由大到小依次为资本密集型企业、技术密集型企业以及劳动密集型企业。

Based on the data of 26 countries from 2006 to 2020,this paper uses the methods of tool variables to analyze the impact of digital trade barriers on the digital transformation of enterprises.The results show that digital trade barriers directly restrict the digital transformation of enterprises from two aspects:blocking the application of digital technology and reducing the level of digital investment.Digital trade barriers can indirectly affect the digital transformation of enterprises through the intermediary role of enterprise operating costs,capital resource allocation,and technological innovation.The negative impact of digital trade barriers on the digital transformation of enterprises in underdeveloped economies exceeds that in developed economies,and the impact on the digital transformation of enterprises with high digital technology exceeds that of enterprises with low digital technology.For enterprises with different factors of production intensity,the role of digital trade barriers in restricting the application of digital technology is significantly heterogeneous,and its influence degree is technology-intensive enterprises,capital-intensive enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises in turn.The order of efficiency of blocking the level of digital investment is capital-intensive enterprises,technology-intensive enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises.