鲍鱼内脏磷脂提取纯化工艺及抗氧化特性研究

Study on extraction and purification process and antioxidant characteristics of abalone visceral phospholipids

为提高鲍鱼内脏的利用率,以鲍鱼内脏粗脂肪为原料提取粗磷脂,通过单因素和响应面试验优化乙醇纯化粗磷脂的工艺条件,通过体外试验研究磷脂的抗氧化性。结果表明:在粗磷脂制备过程中丙酮与鲍鱼内脏粗脂肪的液料比9∶1(mL/g),提取3次,丙酮提取时间40 min;磷脂纯化过程中乙醇体积分数92%,提取时间41 min,乙醇与粗磷脂的液料比10∶1(mL/g),在以上条件下,磷脂得率可达(28.72±0.68)%。磷脂的抗氧化性研究结果表明:在一定浓度范围内,羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力及还原力均随磷脂浓度提高而增强;在大豆油和菜籽油中鲍鱼内脏磷脂均可以发挥一定的抗氧化作用,且添加量0.5%时其抗氧化效果与0.02%TBHQ相似。综上所述,鲍鱼内脏磷脂具有良好的抗氧化能力,可为鲍鱼内脏的综合利用提供理论依据。

This study aimed to improve the resource utilization rate of abalone offal.The crude fat of abalone visceral was taken as raw material,and crude phospholipids were extracted with acetone,and then according to the principle that the solubility of phosphatidylcholine(PC)in lower alcohols is higher than that of phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)and phosphatidylinositol(PI),the crude phospholipids were further separated and concentrated with ethanol to obtain purer phospholipids.According to the results of univariate test,the volume fraction of ethanol,the extraction time of ethanol and the material-liquid ratio of crude phospholipid to ethanol were selected as the indexes,and the mathematical regression model of phospholipid yield to ethanol concentration,extraction time,and material-liquid ratio of crude phospholipid to ethanol was designed in orthogonal experiments,and the optimal process conditions were as follows:the liquid-material ratio of acetone to crude fat of abalone visceral crude fat during the preparation of crude phospholipids was 9∶1,the number of extractions was three times,and the extraction time of acetone was 40 min.During the purification of phospholipids,the volume fraction of ethanol was 92%,the extraction time was 41 min,and the ratio of ethanol to crude phospholipids was 10∶1,under these conditions,the yield of phospholipids in internal organs could reach(28.72±0.68)%.The determination of the antioxidant capacity of abalone visceral phospholipids showed that the reducing power,hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability and DPPH scavenging ability of abalone visceral phospholipids were enhanced with the increase of abalone visceral phospholipid concentration,and abalone visceral phospholipids had certain antioxidant effects in soybean oil and rapeseed oil,among which in rapeseed oil,when the addition amount of phospholipid reached 0.5%,its antioxidant effect on oil was similar to that of 0.02%TBHQ added,showing a certain antioxidant capacity.This study studied the antioxidant activity and anti-oil oxidation ability of abalone visceral phospholipids in vitro,which provided a scientific theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of abalone visceral waste.