赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗及锈赤扁谷盗幼虫对不同气味源的行为选择研究

Behavioral selectivity of Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus larvae to different odor sources

幼虫是储粮害虫危害粮食的重要虫态,运用食物引诱剂及时监测幼虫发生是实现储粮害虫高效防治的重要措施。在实验室条件下分别测定3种主要储粮害虫(赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗及锈赤扁谷盗)幼虫对10种食物、2种化合物气味源的行为选择性,进而筛选出每种试验昆虫最佳的诱集物配比组合。结果表明:在测试样品中,对赤拟谷盗诱集效果最好的诱集物是食物组合(V(芝麻油)∶V(熟豆油)∶V(四氯化碳)=1∶2∶3),诱集系数最高可达70.0%;对锯谷盗诱集效果最好的诱集物是葵花籽油,诱集系数可达45.0%;对锈赤扁谷盗诱集效果最好的诱集物是菜籽油,诱集系数可达40.0%。菜籽油、酒曲对3种储粮害虫幼虫均表现较强的诱集效果,菜籽油的诱集效果为赤拟谷盗>锈赤扁谷盗>锯谷盗,酒曲的诱集效果为赤拟谷盗>锯谷盗>锈赤扁谷盗。研究结果为有效监测赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗幼虫发生情况,科学实施储粮害虫生态防治提供理论和技术支持。

Insect monitoring is an important part of integrated management of stored grain pest insects.Timely detection of stored grain insects occurrence is the key to scientific and efficient pest insect control.Applying food attractants is a common method to trap pest insects by using insect tendency to volatile information compounds.Food attractants have the advantages of easy access to raw materials,no killing natural enemies,no insect resistance,and long effective period.At present,sex pheromones are still the main technical means for monitoring stored grain pest insects at home and abroad.However,this strategy can only trap male adults of stored grain pest insects rather than larvae of stored grain insects.Larvae is an important insect stage of stored grain insects,and using food attractants to timely monitor the occurrence of stored grain insect larvae is an important strategy to achieve efficient insect control.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop food attractants for highly efficient detecting stored grain insect larvae.The behavioral selectivity of 3 stored grain insects to 10 kinds of food and 2 kinds of compounds were investigated under laboratory conditions,respectively.Then,the best attractant ratio combination for each test insect was screened.The results showed that the best attractant ratio combination for T.castaneum larvae was 1∶2∶3 for sesame oil:cooked soybean oil:carbon tetrachloride in the test sample,and the highest trapping coefficient was 70.0%.Sunflower oil was the most attractive odor source for the O.surinamensis larvae,and the trapping coefficient reached 45.0%.Rapeseed oil had the best trapping effectiveness on the C.ferrugineus larvae,and the trapping coefficient reached 40.0%.Rapeseed oil and wine koji showed strong attracting effects on the three experimental pest insects.The attractive effectiveness of rapeseed oil on the tested larvae was as follows:T.castaneum>C.ferrugineus>O.surinamensis,and the attractive effectiveness of wine koji on the tested larvae was as follows:T.castaneum>O.surinamensis>C.ferrugineus.The results provided theoretical and technical support for effectively monitoring the occurrence of larvae of T.castaneum,O.surinamensis,and C.ferrugineus,and scientifically implementing ecological control of stored grain pest insects.