养老护理员沟通能力评价量表的研制及其信度与效度检验

Design and evaluation of a communication ability scale for workers in aged care and to test the reliability and validity of the evaluation tool

目的编制适用于养老护理员沟通能力的评价工具,并检验其信度与效度,为临床评估养老护理员沟通能力及培训提供有效的测量工具。方法通过人本主义理论、照护模式理论、人际沟通理论,并结合医疗养老机构10名老年人和10名养老护理员质性访谈结果初步形成养老护理员沟通能力条目池(60条);通过德尔菲法、预调查方法筛选与修订条目,形成53条的初始量表;采用便利抽样法,选取2021年6月—12月360名养老护理员进行调查,通过项目分析删掉17个不符合标准的条目,形成最终35个条目进行信度与效度检验。结果最终形成的养老护理员沟通能力评价量表包含6个维度(沟通环境与话题设计的能力,沟通的传达与理解能力,沟通的专注能力,沟通的基本交流能力,沟通的灵活与主动能力,沟通的团结合作能力),共35个条目,累计方差贡献率为71.185%;6个维度Cronbachα系数范围为0.897~0.927,量表整体Cronbachα系数为0.929;各维度重测信度范围为0.774~0.900,量表整体重测信度为0.818。结论本研究所编制的养老护理员沟通能力量表具有较好的区分度、信度与效度,可用于测量养老护理员沟通能力水平。

Objective To develop a tool for evaluation of the communication ability for workers in elderly care and to test the reliability and validity of the evaluation tool.Methods The initial entry pool of communication ability of the workers in elderly care(60 items)was created through humanistic theory,nursing model theory,interpersonal communication theory,and combined with the qualitative interview results of 10 aged people and 10 workers in aged care;then the scale reduced from 60 items to 53 items,the entries were selected by Delphi method and pre-survey method;Convenience sampling was used to select 360 workers in elderly care from June to December 2021,17 items that did not meet the standards were deleted through item analysis,and the 35 items of final scale were formed.Then to tested the reliability and validity of the final scale.Results The finally evaluation scale of communication ability of workers in aged care contained of 35 items and 6 dimensions(ability of communicative design in environment and topic,ability of communicative transmission and understanding,ability of communicative focus,ability of basic communication,ability of flexibility and initiative in communication,ability of cooperation in communication),with the cumulative variance contribution rate was 71.185%;Cronbach's α coefficient of the 6 dimensions ranged from 0.897 to 0.927,and Cronbach'sαcoefficient of the total amount table was 0.929.The retest reliability of each dimension ranged from 0.774 to 0.900,and the overall retest reliability of the scale was 0.818.Conclusion The communication ability scale developed by this study has good discrimination,reliability and validity,so it could be used to test the level of communication ability of the workers in elderly care.