中老年肿瘤患者孤独感现状、影响因素以及对策研究

Current situation and influencing factors of loneliness among middle-aged and aged cancer patients and influencing factors

目的探讨中老年肿瘤患者孤独感现状及其影响因素,为制定有效的护理干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取本市某两家三级甲等综合医院的中老年肿瘤患者220例为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、癌症孤独感量表(cancer loneliness scale,CLS)、癌症负面社会期望量表(cancer-related negative social expectations scale,C-Rnses)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)进行调查,分析孤独感现状及其影响因素。结果220例患者完成调查,中老年肿瘤患者孤独感得分为(16.80±6.63)分。Pearson相关分析结果显示,癌症孤独感与负面社会期望呈正相关(r=0.638,P<0.01),与领悟社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.625,P<0.01)。多元逐步线性回归分析结果显示,婚姻状况、工作状态、负面社会期望、领悟社会支持为患者孤独感的影响因素(R2=0.579,调整后R2=0.557,F=26.001,P<0.001)。结论中老年肿瘤患者孤独感处于中等水平,护理人员应予以重视,重点关注离异/分居、失业、存在负面社会期望以及社会支持水平低的患者,及早发现、及早干预,以缓解其孤独感。

Objective To explore the status quo and influencing factors of loneliness in middle-aged and aged cancer patients so as to provide basis for formulating effective nursing intervention measures.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select 220 middle-aged and aged cancer patients from 2 tertiary hospitals in Chengdu as the research objects.Instruments as a general information questionnaire,cancer loneliness scale(CLS),cancer-related negative social expectations scale(C-Rnses)and perceived social support scale(PSSS)were employed to investigate current situations of loneliness among the patients and analyse the influencing factors of loneliness.Results A total of 220 patients completed the investigation.The loneliness score of middle-aged and elderly cancer patients was(16.80±6.63).Pearson correlation analysis showed that cancer loneliness was positively correlated with negative social expectation(r=0.638,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with understanding social support(r=-0.625,P<0.01).Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that marital status,work status,negative social expectations and perceived social support were the influencing factors of loneliness(R2=0.579,adjusted R2=0.557,F=26.001,P<0.001).Conclusions The loneliness of middle-aged and elderly cancer patients is at a medium level.Medical workers should pay attention to the divorced or separated and unemployed patients as well as the patients with negative social expectations and low social support so as to conduct early understanding and intervention aiming to alleviate the loneliness of patients.