辽河流域河岸带植被多样性特征与空间分布规律研究

Study on the Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of Vegetation Diversity in the Riparian Zone of the Liao River

河岸带生物多样性对治理河流及水土污染、排流截污、调节水量、稳定河岸、调节局部气候发挥着重要作用,也具有重要的景观功能.本文通过对辽河干流上下游8个研究区的河岸带植被多样性、均匀度、丰富度等多样性指标进行调查,分析了辽河干流植被多样性空间分布特征.结果表明,辽河干流河岸带植被共51科128属165种,以菊科、禾本科为主.2020年辽河干流研究区域Shannon-Weiner多样性指数平均为2.54,2021年为2.38.2020年均匀度指数0.20~0.61,2021年为0.77~3.17.2020—2021年辽河河岸带植被多样性波动不大,中游段植物多样性等特征较好,与人为干扰较少、封育措施较好有关,下游多样性较低,因与城市较近,受到干扰较多有关.本研究为辽河河岸带生态功能恢复与保护提供理论依据.

The biodiversity of the riparian zone is used as to control river and soil pollution,drainage and interception,regulate water volume,stabilize river banks,regulate local climate and play a landscape effect.This study analyzes the vegetation diversity characteristics of the main stream of the Liao River by means of plant population implementation and sample line survey method.The diversity index,uniformity index and richness index of the eight sampling points of the main stream of the Liao River were discussed.The results show that there are 51 families,128 genera and 165 species in the riparian zone of the main stream of the Liao River,mainly in the asteraceae family and grass family.The Shannon-Weiner diversity index in the main stream study area of the Liao River averaged 2.54 in 2020 and 2.38 in 2021.The uniformity index for 2020 is 0.20~0.61,and in 2021 it is 0.77~3.17.The plant diversity in the middle reaches is high,there is less human interference,the sealing and breeding measures are better,the downstream is low,and it borders the city and has more human interference.